“…The aim is to choose the optimal value for each input parameter to achieve the desired response despite the potential variation in manufacturing conditions, loads or part tolerances. In general, DOE is a well-researched field, and its fundamental ideas are widely accepted among researchers (Sarema, et al, 2022;Joseph et al, 2019;Oudjene and Ben-Ayed, 2008;Lehman, Santner, and Notz, 2004;Jin, Chen, and Sudjianto, 2003). When paired with commercially available Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, a virtual DOE can be undertaken that can achieve a higher level of verification and eliminate experimental effort and cost (Kim, 2010;Al-Momani and Rawabdeh, 2008).…”