Design of Fluxgate Sensors for Different Applications from Geology to Medicine

Topal, Uğur; Can, Hava; Çelik, Oguzhan Merdan; Narman, Ahmet; Kamiş, Murat; Çıtak, Veysel; Çakrak, Demet; Sözeri, H.; Švec, P.

doi:10.1007/s10948-018-4781-x

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This sensor was capable of sensing high‐range magnetic fields. [ 1 ] Afterward, a portable heart‐rate monitoring system was designed and developed with a vacquier geometry fluxgate sensor. It achieved a sensitivity of 195 V Oe −1 , and low noise of 100 pT/√Hz@1 Hz and high sensitivity measurement was used to analyze heart diseases.…”

Section: Fluxgate Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fabrication Advancements in Integrated Fluxgate Sensors: A Mini Review

2022

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Research on magnetic sensors has been carried out in recent years to enhance sensing capability, enabling us to understand the Earth's magnetic field changes [1] with better sensitivities of 10 À10 to 10 À2 T. [2] Magnetic field sensors have been extensively investigated according to their operating principles and actions in various applications. Sensitivity and selectivity are the two essential properties crucial in the evolution of magnetic field sensors to achieve high fidelity outputs. The former is strengthened by increasing the sensor area and improvements to the planar surface with various Nano-materials. In contrast, the latter is improved by using multiple materials and techniques to enhance interfacial interactions.Magnetic sensors detect disturbances and changes in magnetic fields such as force, direction, and flux. It is a transducer that converts a magnetic field into an electrical voltage. There are several types of magnetic field sensors, each with its own sensitivity range. In addition to sensitivity, the temperature range, the physical size of the sensor, and its on-chip manufacturability must all be considered. Magnetic fields of less than 100 pT are extremely weak and far below the earth's magnetic field. Earth magnetic field sensors have a sensitivity range of 10 μT to a few micro-Tesla, while bias magnet field (high field) sensors have a sensitivity of more than 1 mT.Magnetic fields of less than 100 pT are extremely weak and far below the earth's magnetic field. Earth magnetic field sensors have a sensitivity range of 10 μT to a few micro-Tesla, while bias magnet field (high field) sensors have a sensitivity of more than 1 mT. The most sensitive low-field sensor is the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). It is based on Brian J. Josephson's research on a point-contact connection for measuring extremely low currents.The SQUID ring, the radio-frequency coil, and the big antenna loop are all superconducting components of the SQUID sensor. All three must be cooled to the point where they become superconducting. The SQUID itself is small, but the requirement for liquid helium cooling makes the entire apparatus big and hefty. Magnetoresistive sensors (MR) have a high sensitivity, are inexpensive to manufacture, and are small in size. However, they have poor noise performance and linearity, as well as a small dynamic range, making them unappealing and unsuitable for many low-noise applications. Furthermore, as the power usage is reduced, their sensitivity degrades.Search-coil or induction sensors are high-sensitivity, lowpower sensors, but their sensitivity decreases as the cross-section area decreases, making miniaturization ineffective. Because search coils can detect an alternating current magnetic field, they cannot detect a static magnetic field like the Earth's magnetic field. Magnetic sensors based on semiconductors, such as Hall-Effect sensors, magnetotransistors, and magnetodiodes, are very small in size. Because of its low manufacturing cost

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Section: Fluxgate Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication Advancements in Integrated Fluxgate Sensors: A Mini Review

2022

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“…High-resolution magnetic field measurements play a significant role in many different technological and scientific research areas such as nondestructive testing [1,5], dangerous objects detection [12] and demining [6], archeological [18] and geological studies [19] as well as space research [21]. In spite of radical advancements in the development of magnetoresistive [8] and magnetoimpedance sensors [4], fluxgate sensors [14] are the most crucial sensor type for room temperature, high resolution, and nearly constant magnetic field measurements.…”

Section: Wprowadzeniementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Limits and Functional Characteristics of Fluxgate Sensors with Rod-Shaped Magnetic Cores

Kopala¹,

Ostaszewska-Liżewska²,

Szewczyk³

2022

PAR

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Highly sensitive fluxgate magnetic field sensors with rod-shaped cores are widely used for non-destructive testing as well as for industrial applications. However, in case of both Foerster and Vacquier (two-core sensors configurations), fluxgate sensors sensitivity is directly connected with the relative magnetic permeability of the sensor’s core. It should be highlighted that the magnetic permeability of rod-shaped magnetic cores is driven mainly by the demagnetization factor determined by its slenderness (aspect ratio). The paper presents the analyses of sensitivity limits of fluxgate sensors with rod-shaped cores. On the base of estimations of demagnetization factor specific for fluxgate sensors, it is shown that in case of rod-shaped cores, the sensor’s sensitivity is connected with the shape of the core rather than its relative magnetic permeability. This conclusion is essential during the development and optimization of functional characteristics of fluxgate sensors.

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“…With the development of science and technology, scientists can detect magnetic fields more precisely. At present, the most frequently used magnetic sensors include fluxgates [1], Hall sensors [2], magntoresistance * Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. sensors [3], superconducting quantum interference devices [4], optical pumping magnetometers [5], magnetoelectric (ME) sensors [6,7], and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-biased Metglas/PVDF/Ni magnetoelectric laminate for AC magnetic sensors with a wide frequency range

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In this work, an arc-shaped Metglas/PVDF/Ni laminate is proposed, which exhibits a large self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) effect due to the internal magnetization gradient field between the two magnetic layers and the built-in stress formed from the arc-shaped structure. The magnetoelectric coefficients reach 38.24 and 15.0 V cm-1 Oe-1 without a DC bias magnetic field at resonance and nonresonant frequencies, respectively. The sample shows a high sensitivity, resolution and linearity with values of 210.07 mV Oe-1, 1 nT and 0.9999 at the resonance frequency, respectively. The sample was then used to detect AC magnetic fields with different nonresonant frequencies (ranging from 1 to 25 kHz), resulting in the measured data being in good agreement with the actual data. Under a zero bias magnetic field and at frequencies of 40 and 1 Hz, the limit of detection (LOD) can reach 2 and 8 nT, and the resolution can reach 1 and 4 nT, respectively. The results indicate that the arc-shaped Metglas/PVDF/Ni laminate shows a large self-biased ME effect and good AC magnetic sensing performance in the bending state, which provides a new way to develop a wide frequency range AC magnetic sensor.

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Design of Fluxgate Sensors for Different Applications from Geology to Medicine

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Fabrication Advancements in Integrated Fluxgate Sensors: A Mini Review

Fabrication Advancements in Integrated Fluxgate Sensors: A Mini Review

Sensitivity Limits and Functional Characteristics of Fluxgate Sensors with Rod-Shaped Magnetic Cores

Self-biased Metglas/PVDF/Ni magnetoelectric laminate for AC magnetic sensors with a wide frequency range

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