“…This block can be employed in instrumentation and measurement systems involving frequency conversion [39], [40], phase-locked loops (PLLs), frequency-locked loops (FLLs) [39], [41]- [44], clock buffers [45], and ring oscillators [34], [36], [46]. For the implementation of an FVC block, there are mainly two approaches, including counter-based circuits [34], [40] and integrator-based circuits [41], [42], [47].…”