Design of gas concentration measurement and monitoring system for biogas power plant

Abstract

Biogas is a gas obtained from the breakdown of organic matter (such as animal waste, human waste, and plants) by methanogenic bacteria in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) state. The biogas produced mainly consists of 50-70% methane, 30-40% carbon dioxide, and other gases in small amounts. The gas produced has a different composition depending on the type of animal that produces it. It is challenging to obtain biogas concentration data because the monitoring equipment is currently minimal. Therefore, this research discusses how to make a monitoring system for biogas reactors. Sensors are installed in the digester tank and storage tank. The installed sensors are the MQ-4 sensor to detect methane gas (CH<sub>4</sub>), MG-811 sensor to detect carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) gas, MQ-136 sensor to detect sulfide acid gas (H<sub>2</sub>S), and Thermocouple Type-K to detect temperature. The sensor will send a signal to the control unit in Arduino Mega 2560, then processed and displayed on the liquid crystal display (LCD). The sensor calculation results' accuracy is not much different from the reference based on the sensor readings. The sensor deviation standard is below 5.0, indicating that the sensor is in precision. The sensor's linearity of MQ-4 is 0.7%, the MG-811 is 0.17%, the MQ-136 is 0.29%, and the Type-K Thermocouple is 1.19%. The installed sensor can be used to monitor gas concentration and temperature in a biogas reactor.

Integrated microcontroller mq sensors for monitoring biogas: Advancements in methane and hydrogen sulfide detection

“…The sensor shows optimal functionality within an ambient temperature range of 10 to 50°C and relative humidity below 95% [23], [24]. The MQ-4's sensitivity to methane combined with adjustments for temperature/humidity enables real-time monitoring of biogas methane content under typical anaerobic digester operating conditions.…”

The Effect of the Packing Flow Area and Biogas Flow Rate on Biogas Purification in Packed Bed Scrubber

“…Biogas is a flammable gas that mainly consists of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and is obtained from organic compounds decomposition by anaerobic bacteria (Speight and Radovanovic, 2020). The biogas compositions commonly consists of 50-70% methane, 30-40% carbon dioxide, and other gases in small amounts, and the composition is depending on the type of the organic compounds from (Iswanto et al, 2021). Biogas has a heat combustion value between 4800 and 6200 kCal/m 3 , with a specific gravity that is 20% lighter than air (Mara, 2012).…”

Supervision, control, and data acquisition system of a heat exchanger

“…Nowadays, the treatment or processing that is given temperature is evolving, once the signal is captured; in some cases, Arduino controllers or Rabbit processors are used, improving the quality of the signal [16]- [18]. It is possible that the signal acquired by the sensors that are integrated into the Arduino controllers, it is possible to integrate them into a transmitter so that they can be part of a supervision and monitoring system, either wired or wireless [19], [20].…”