Design of graphene-on-germanium waveguide electro-optic modulators at the 2μm wavelength

Wang, Jiaqi; Li, Qiuxia; Huang, Dan; Liang, Chongbin; Chen, Yuzhi; Lin, Fang; Geng, Yanquan; Hong, Xueming; Li, Xuejin

doi:10.1364/osac.2.000749

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A variety of waveguide (WG)-integrated SLG-based photonic devices have been reported 17 – 34 , including electro-absorption (EAMs) 17 – 19 and electro-refraction modulators (ERMs) 20 , optical switches 4 , 21 , and photodetectors (GPDs) 22 – 33 . SLG and layered materials can be integrated with passive Si photonic WGs 22 – 27 or any other passive WG technology 4 , including Si 3 N 4 29 , 34 , 35 , sapphire 36 , Ge 37 , and polymers 38 , 39 , extending the spectral range and scope of possible applications 37 , 40 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

et al. 2021

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Graphene integrated photonics provides several advantages over conventional Si photonics. Single layer graphene (SLG) enables fast, broadband, and energy-efficient electro-optic modulators, optical switches and photodetectors (GPDs), and is compatible with any optical waveguide. The last major barrier to SLG-based optical receivers lies in the current GPDs’ low responsivity when compared to conventional PDs. Here we overcome this by integrating a photo-thermoelectric GPD with a Si microring resonator. Under critical coupling, we achieve >90% light absorption in a ~6 μm SLG channel along a Si waveguide. Cavity-enhanced light-matter interactions cause carriers in SLG to reach ~400 K for an input power ~0.6 mW, resulting in a voltage responsivity ~90 V/W, with a receiver sensitivity enabling our GPDs to operate at a 10−9 bit-error rate, on par with mature semiconductor technology, but with a natural generation of a voltage, rather than a current, thus removing the need for transimpedance amplification, with a reduction of energy-per-bit, cost, and foot-print.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

et al. 2021

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“…The device has a modulation efficiency of 2.8 Vmm, with a static modulation depth of 35 dB and modulator bandwidth of 5 GHz. To further improve the modulators' efficiency, Wang et al [37] proposed to use vertical germanium (Ge) slot waveguides to enhance the light intensity and reduce the confinement of the optical mode in the slot nanostructure, as shown in Figure 2C. By changing the Fermi level of graphene, the variation in the effective RI of the graphene-on-slot waveguide is two times as large as that of the conventional graphene-onrib waveguide.…”

Section: Waveguide-integrated Graphene Photonic Devices For Communicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Waveguide-Integrated Graphene Photonic Devices for Sensing and Communication Applications

et al. 2020

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Graphene is a two-dimensional material with numerous intriguing optical properties, such that graphene photonic devices have attracted great interest for sensing and communication applications. However, surface-illuminated graphene photonic devices usually suffer from weak light-matter interactions due to the atomic-layer thickness of graphene, seriously limiting the performances of such devices. To tackle this problem, waveguide-integrated graphene photonic devices have been demonstrated since 2010, which offer the advantage of much longer interaction length between the evanescent field of the optical waveguide and graphene than the surface-illuminated devices. Moreover, the fabrication of waveguide-integrated graphene photonic devices is compatible with CMOS technology, allowing potentially low-cost and high-density on-chip integration. To date, a tremendous interest is growing in the hybrid integration platform composed of graphene and silicon photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we review the recent progress in waveguide-integrated graphene photonic devices and their applications in sensing and communication.

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“…A variety of waveguide (WG)-integrated SLG-based photonic devices have been reported [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], including electroabsorption (EAMs) [16][17][18] and electro-refraction modulators (ERMs) [19], optical switches [4,20] and photodetectors (GPDs) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. SLG and layered materials can be integrated with passive Si photonic WGs [21][22][23][24][25][26] or any other passive WG technology [4], including Si 3 N 4 [28,32], sapphire [33], Ge [34], and polymers [35,36], extending the spectral range and scope of possible applications [34,37]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

Schuler,

Muench,

Ruocco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Graphene integrated photonics provides several advantages over conventional Si photonics. Single layer graphene (SLG) enables fast, broadband, and energy-efficient electro-optic modulators, optical switches and photodetectors (GPDs), and is compatible with any optical waveguide. The last major barrier to SLG-based optical receivers lies in the low responsivity -electrical output per optical input -of GPDs compared to conventional PDs. Here we overcome this shortfall by integrating a photothermoelectric GPD with a Si microring resonator. Under critical coupling, we achieve >90% light absorption in a ∼6 µm SLG channel along the Si waveguide. Exploiting the cavity-enhanced lightmatter interaction, causing carriers in SLG to reach ∼400 K for an input power of ∼0.6 mW, we get a voltage responsivity ∼90 V/W, demonstrating the feasibility of our approach. Our device is capable of detecting data rates up to 20 Gbit/s, with a receiver sensitivity enabling it to operate at a 10 −9 bit-error rate, on par with mature semiconductor technology. The natural generation of a voltage rather than a current, removes the need for transimpedance amplification, with a reduction of the energy-per-bit cost and foot-print, when compared to a traditional semiconductor-based receiver.

show abstract

Design of graphene-on-germanium waveguide electro-optic modulators at the 2μm wavelength

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

Recent Progress in Waveguide-Integrated Graphene Photonic Devices for Sensing and Communication Applications

High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

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