Design of guided-mode resonance mirrors for short laser cavities

Kondo, Tetsuri; Ura, Shogo; Magnusson, Robert

doi:10.1364/josaa.32.001454

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A spatial modulation of the structure parameters provide frequency‐dependent spatial reflection and transmission of the beam profile . External laser cavities can be used to combine the emission of multiple laser diodes, to improve the emission and the quality factor in short‐cavity laser diodes, or in optical fiber lasers …”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Resonant Waveguide Gratings

Quaranta

Basset

Martin

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

321

199

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Resonant waveguide gratings (RWGs), also known as guided mode resonant (GMR) gratings or waveguide‐mode resonant gratings, are dielectric structures where these resonant diffractive elements benefit from lateral leaky guided modes from UV to microwave frequencies in many different configurations. A broad range of optical effects are obtained using RWGs such as waveguide coupling, filtering, focusing, field enhancement and nonlinear effects, magneto‐optical Kerr effect, or electromagnetically induced transparency. Thanks to their high degree of optical tunability (wavelength, phase, polarization, intensity) and the variety of fabrication processes and materials available, RWGs have been implemented in a broad scope of applications in research and industry: refractive index and fluorescence biosensors, solar cells and photodetectors, signal processing, polarizers and wave plates, spectrometers, active tunable filters, mirrors for lasers and optical security features. The aim of this review is to discuss the latest developments in the field including numerical modeling, manufacturing, the physics, and applications of RWGs. Scientists and engineers interested in using RWGs for their application will also find links to the standard tools and references in modeling and fabrication according to their needs.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Resonant Waveguide Gratings

Quaranta

Basset

Martin

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

321

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fabrication process of such a design needs only the deposition of a few layers followed by the surface patterning, which makes the implementation straightforward. 49,51 Furthermore, the possibility of applying a separate voltage to each nanobar from the side helps to make the required biasing network less complicated. 35,38 In order to accurately consider the optical characteristics of constituent materials in this proposed unit cell, the refractive indices of undoped amorphous Si, HAOL, and Au are extracted from the measurement data of refs 38 and 54.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we present ITO-integrated all-dielectric guided-mode resonance mirror (GMRM) designs for dynamic phase and amplitude modulation in the reflection mode. A GMRM typically includes a high-index grating on top of a stack of guiding core, optical buffer layer, and high-reflection substrate. − To design highly efficient real-time-controllable amplitude and phase modulators in the NIR regime, we leverage the guided-mode resonance effect of the GMRM structure and field-effect modulation of ITO as an electro-optical material with the capability of refractive index modification under applying external bias voltages. The reflection modulation depths of ∼0.80 and ∼0.70 are accomplished at the operating wavelength of λ AM = 1.537 μm by the depletion and accumulation of carrier densities inside the ITO active layer, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-optical Amplitude and Phase Modulators Based on Tunable Guided-Mode Resonance Effect

Forouzmand

Mosallaei

2019

ACS Photonics

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Here, electrically tunable amplitude and phase modulators are designed by the hybridization of indium tin oxide (ITO) into a guided-mode resonance mirror (so-called GMRM), which consists of a high-index silicon (Si) nanograting placed on top of a Si guiding core followed by a silicon dioxide optical buffer layer and a highly reflective substrate. The physical mechanism is based on the intriguing optical characteristics of GMRMs and integration of a dual-gated ITO with the capability of charge carrier modulation into the Si nanograting. A gate-tunable amplitude modulator with a modulation depth as high as ∼0.80 is realized by careful selection of structural parameters, excitation of a strongly coupled guided-mode resonance, and modifying the external bias voltage. This design can also be adjusted only by changing the thickness of its optical buffer layer and moderating the strength of the guided-mode resonance to serve as an efficient active phase modulator. The phase variation of ∼210° and relatively high reflection amplitude in the 0.45–0.6 range are accomplished when the applied bias voltage alters from −15 V to +24 V. This reflection phase tuning mainly originates from the carrier depletion and accumulation inside the incorporated 5-nm-thick ITO layer. The accurate modeling and numerical calculation of the optical response of the proposed unit cell for different applied external voltages are carried out through linking the electrostatics device physics model and rigorous coupled wave analysis optical simulation. The design rules and physical principles behind the dual-gated ITO-integrated GMRM unit cell are discussed in-depth by investigation of the structural parameters, the nature of supported resonances, and voltage-dependent effects of inhomogeneous carrier distributions in both ITO and Si layers. The electrical addressability and individual control over pixelated subwavelength unit cells provide the opportunity for realizing an actively reconfigurable metasurface with the desired gradient phase delay.

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“…Moreover, exploiting high quality-factor guided mode resonances (GMRs) in an ITO-integrated GMRM has proved to be effective for mitigating the nonuniformity of amplitude across the phase modulation range [84]. This is attributed to the elongated lifetime of photons and enhancement of field confinement within the ITO-integrated resonators in GMRM [82,94] which yield a steep reflection phase spectrum and lead to a larger tunability in the resonant response, thus allowing for operation further from the critical coupling point.…”

Section: Unit-cell Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The field effect modulation of carrier concentration in the ITO layer integrated into the GMRM can drive the resonance into the under-coupled state with an enhanced tunability by virtue of elongated photon lifetime and field confinement within the resonant structure. In order to gain more insight into the physics of GMRM [82,94], the coupling and radiation mechanisms in the structure are schematically depicted in Figure 3c. When an incident beam impinges on the structure, it is partially reflected back from the first interface formed by silicon nanodisks (interface reflection).…”

Section: Unit-cell Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-varying optical vortices enabled by time-modulated metasurfaces

2020

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AbstractIn this paper, generation of optical vortices with time-varying orbital angular momentum (OAM) and topological charge is theoretically demonstrated based on time-modulated metasurfaces with a linearly azimuthal frequency gradient. The topological charge of such dynamic structured light beams is shown to continuously and periodically change with time evolution while possessing a linear dependence on time and azimuthal frequency offset. The temporal variation of OAM yields a self-torqued beam exhibiting a continuous angular acceleration of light. The phenomenon is attributed to the azimuthal phase gradient in space-time generated by virtue of the spatiotemporal coherent path in the interference between different frequencies. In order to numerically authenticate this newly introduced concept, a reflective dielectric metasurface is modelled consisting of silicon nanodisk heterostructures integrated with indium-tin-oxide and gate dielectric layers on top of a mirror-backed silicon slab which renders an electrically tunable guided mode resonance mirror in near-infrared regime. The metasurface is divided into several azimuthal sections wherein nanodisk heterostructures are interconnected via nanobars serving as biasing lines. Addressing azimuthal sections with radio-frequency biasing signals of different frequencies, the direct dynamic photonic transitions of leaky-guided modes are leveraged for realization of an azimuthal frequency gradient in the optical field. Generation of dynamic twisted light beams with time-varying OAM by the metasurface is verified via performing several numerical simulations. Moreover, the role of modulation waveform and frequency gradient on the temporal evolution and diversity of generated optical vortices is investigated which offer a robust electrical control over the number of dynamic beams and their degree of self-torque. Our results point toward a new class of structured light for time-division multiple access in optical and quantum communication systems as well as unprecedented optomechanical manipulation of objects.

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Design of guided-mode resonance mirrors for short laser cavities

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Recent Advances in Resonant Waveguide Gratings

Recent Advances in Resonant Waveguide Gratings

Electro-optical Amplitude and Phase Modulators Based on Tunable Guided-Mode Resonance Effect

Time-varying optical vortices enabled by time-modulated metasurfaces

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