Design of High-Inclination Artificial Frozen Orbits Around Europa

Low Thrust Propelled Close Approach Maneuvers

“…Considering the use of an engine, propulsion combined with close approaches can give good results in terms of controlling the trajectory of the spacecraft during the close approach but still giving extra energy to the spacecraft. The point of having more control of the trajectory is particularly important when the mission occurs in strongly perturbed environments, similar to missions to the moons of the solar system or asteroids [19][20][21][22][23]. In that sense, powered impulsive gravity assisted maneuvers have been considered in the literature for some time now [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”