Design of High-Order Extrapolated Impulse Response FIR Filters with Signed Powers-of-Two Coefficients

Abstract

Expensive multiplication operations can be replaced by simpler additions and hardwired shifters so as to reduce power consumption and area size, if the coefficients of a digital filter are signed power-of-two (SPT). As a consequence, FIR digital filters with SPT coefficients have been widely studied in the last three decades. However, most approaches for the design of FIR filters with SPT coefficients focus on filters with length less than 100. These approaches are not suitable for the design of high-order filters because they require excessive computation time. In this paper, an approach for the design of high-order filters with SPT coefficients is proposed. It is a two-step approach. Firstly, the design of an extrapolated impulse response (EIR) filter is formulated as a standard second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem with an additional coefficient sensitivity constraint for optimizing its finite word-length effect. Secondly, the obtained continuous coefficients are quantized into SPT coefficients by recasting the filter-design problem into a weighted least squares (WLS) sequential quadratic programming relaxation (SQPR) problem. To further reduce implementation complexity, a graph-based common subexpression elimination (CSE) algorithm is utilized to extract common subexpressions between SPT coefficients. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently Y. Cao ( ) · 964 Circuits Syst Signal Process (2011) 30:963-985 design high-order SPT filters, including Hilbert transformers and half-band filters with SPT coefficients. Experiment results indicate that 0.81N ∼ 0.29N adders are required for 18-bit N-order FIR filters (N = 335 ∼ 3261) to meet the given magnitude response specifications.

Multiplierless filter‐bank based multicarrier system by using canonical signed digit representation

“…For hardware implementation of the system, the filter coefficients should be quantized to finite word‐length. One method to reduce further overhead of filtering operations is quantizing the filter coefficients based on the canonical signed digit (CSD) format . CSD is a ternary numbering representation that expresses a decimal number with least signed powers‐of‐two (SPT) terms.…”