2011
DOI: 10.1109/tits.2010.2057508
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Design of Infrared Electronic-Toll-Collection Systems With Extended Communication Areas and Performance of Data Transmission

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Cited by 29 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…In our previous works, we have established a physical model to analyse the system performance of ETC systems [1,8,[15][16][17][18][19]. Fig.…”
Section: Design Of the Emitter For Etc Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In our previous works, we have established a physical model to analyse the system performance of ETC systems [1,8,[15][16][17][18][19]. Fig.…”
Section: Design Of the Emitter For Etc Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The radiation pattern of the infrared emitter can be properly designed by using appropriate LEDs and adjusting the mounting angle of each constituent LED [1,[15][16][17][18][19]. Because there is a large number of commercial LEDs with various half-intensity angles, it is not supposed to be difficult to tailor the radiation pattern of the infrared emitters.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Since the first electronic-toll-collection (ETC) systems appeared around the early 1990s, the number of ETC systems in the world has grown rapidly worldwide, and there are now more than 80 important systems in operation in more than 25 countries [1]. Any ETC system must address the following four aspects to functioning properly: vehicle identification, vehicle classification, transaction processing for collecting the toll, and violation handling [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, the speed of passing cars cannot be too fast, and the transmission range is rather limited. For an ETC system, a sufficient communication duration is necessary to allow for complete transfer of all the information between an OBU and an RSU when vehicles are rapidly traveling through the communication area [1,7]. Moreover, infrared can only handle cars in one lane, since line-of-sight transmission must be used.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%