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Background Although missed appointments in healthcare have been an area of concern for policy, practice and research, the primary focus has been on reducing single ‘situational’ missed appointments to the benefit of services. Little attention has been paid to the causes and consequences of more ‘enduring’ multiple missed appointments in primary care and the role this has in producing health inequalities. Methods We conducted a realist review of the literature on multiple missed appointments to identify the causes of ‘missingness.’ We searched multiple databases, carried out iterative citation-tracking on key papers on the topic of missed appointments and identified papers through searches of grey literature. We synthesised evidence from 197 papers, drawing on the theoretical frameworks of candidacy and fundamental causation. Results Missingness is caused by an overlapping set of complex factors, including patients not identifying a need for an appointment or feeling it is ‘for them’; appointments as sites of poor communication, power imbalance and relational threat; patients being exposed to competing demands, priorities and urgencies; issues of travel and mobility; and an absence of choice or flexibility in when, where and with whom appointments take place. Conclusions Interventions to address missingness at policy and practice levels should be theoretically informed, tailored to patients experiencing missingness and their identified needs and barriers; be cognisant of causal domains at multiple levels and address as many as practical; and be designed to increase safety for those seeking care.
Background Although missed appointments in healthcare have been an area of concern for policy, practice and research, the primary focus has been on reducing single ‘situational’ missed appointments to the benefit of services. Little attention has been paid to the causes and consequences of more ‘enduring’ multiple missed appointments in primary care and the role this has in producing health inequalities. Methods We conducted a realist review of the literature on multiple missed appointments to identify the causes of ‘missingness.’ We searched multiple databases, carried out iterative citation-tracking on key papers on the topic of missed appointments and identified papers through searches of grey literature. We synthesised evidence from 197 papers, drawing on the theoretical frameworks of candidacy and fundamental causation. Results Missingness is caused by an overlapping set of complex factors, including patients not identifying a need for an appointment or feeling it is ‘for them’; appointments as sites of poor communication, power imbalance and relational threat; patients being exposed to competing demands, priorities and urgencies; issues of travel and mobility; and an absence of choice or flexibility in when, where and with whom appointments take place. Conclusions Interventions to address missingness at policy and practice levels should be theoretically informed, tailored to patients experiencing missingness and their identified needs and barriers; be cognisant of causal domains at multiple levels and address as many as practical; and be designed to increase safety for those seeking care.
Managing people is a difficult task and maintaining the attendance record is an important factor for most of the organizations. Meanwhile, in the industrial sector, a precise attendance record system of the employees is important for companies, especially for the payroll process. There are various existing technology that has been implemented to help an industrial sector to manage their attendance records. The use of current technology such as fingerprint biometric scanner and mobile devices as a complement to the software development will benefits to the industrial sector in order to enhance their services. This paper described a fingerprint biometric-based and web-based management system integrated with short message service (SMS) notification for attendance records of the employees known ANotify. It was specifically developed for an industrial sector that uses fingerprint as biometric features for employee attendance, is able to store records of employees’ attendance in organized, systematic, and the SMS alert notification to the supervisors about the employee attendance reports. This system was developed based on System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as a methodology. A user acceptance test was conducted with thirty (30) respondents to determine the effectiveness of the system by evaluating the questionnaire which was categorized into three (3) parts included user interface satisfaction, perceived ease of use, and integration of SMS notification. Results of the system evaluation showed that the system has a positive impact and to be well accepted by users, convenient, economic and reliable method of notification for the attendance records
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