Design of Low-Profile Transmitarray Antennas With Wide Mechanical Beam Steering at Millimeter Waves

Vaquero, Álvaro F.; Teixeira, José Carvalho; Matos, Sérgio A.; Arrebola, Manuel; Costa, Jorge R.; Felício, João M.; Fernandes, Carlos A.; Fonseca, Nelson J. G.

doi:10.1109/tap.2023.3243796

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the Ka -band, research on antenna arrays with electrical beam steering is mostly focused on transmitarrays, reflectarrays and phased arrays [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Recently, reflective intelligent surfaces have also emerged as a candidate [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for Ka-Band Electrical Beam Steering

Verho,

Chung

2024

Sensors

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Intermediate phase shifting is a footprint- and cost-reduction technique for reconfigurable feed networks. These feed networks are utilized in antenna arrays to perform electrical beam steering. In intermediate phase shifting, a phase shifter is shared between two adjacent antennas. Conventionally, antennas only have individual phase shifters. With shared phase shifters, we reduce the number of components and the footprint by 25%. Consequently, this decreases the price and enables designs at millimeter-wave frequencies where space is limited due to frequency-dependent antenna spacing. This intermediate phase shifting is demonstrated by designing a reconfigurable feed network for the Ka-band that generates a continuous phase shift profile for beam steering. Due to the use of varactors and a novel biasing method, it does not require expensive beamformer integrated chips or lumped components for biasing. The feed network is combined with a 4 × 4 antenna array to demonstrate its beam-steering capabilities. The result is a high-density and minimalistic design that fits in a small volume of 25.6 × 25.6 × 0.95 mm3. With this small antenna array, the main beam is steered at ±40∘ broadside, providing full 1D and restricted 2D steering. It is a potential candidate for wireless sensor and mobile networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for Ka-Band Electrical Beam Steering

Verho,

Chung

2024

Sensors

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“…On the contrary, larger frequency bands, less complex design, easy fabrication as well as a certain suitability for implementing reconfigurability are provided by the latter subset [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. Among the numerus techniques to control the TA spatial phase profile [17], [18], one of the most effective syntheses relies on the use of cascading frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) for altering the impinging electromagnetic wave characteristics [19], [20], [21], [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Profile Dual Linearly Polarized 1-bit Transmitarray Exploiting Two Metallic Layers

Dicandia,

Genovesi

2024

IEEE Access

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A novel azimuth-independent dual linearly polarized (LP) transmitarray (TA) based on a polarization rotator is presented. The exploitation of either right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) or lefthanded CP (LHCP) scattered field is at the basis of the proposed TA. The employed unit cell guarantees a low insertion loss as well as a crosspolar transmission phase difference of 0° or 180°. The TA unit cell response is insensitive to any angular rotation of the panel, or the primary feed, along . The conceived dualpolarized 1-bit TA allows achieving up to 16.5 % of 3 dB gain bandwidth (BW3dB) with a maximum gain around 22 dBi and a peak aperture efficiency of 30.4 %. Unlike the previously reported dual-polarized TAs, this novel structure consists of a very thin dielectric layer, namely 0.08 0 at central frequency, comprising only two metallic layers making it a cost-effective solution as well as compliant with the increasingly strict profile requirements imposed by many of the future terrestrial and non-terrestrial wireless communication paradigms such as vehicular communications or SatCom systems. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the proposed dual-polarized 1-bit TA is manufactured and tested for assessing the benefits of this design approach.

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“…The active devices PIN/varactor diodes employed in the reported beam scanning reflectarray/transmitarray antennas requires a complex biasing network, which increases the cost and the design complexity. Also, using the PIN diodes at millimeter waves introduces the extreme insertion loss and the reliability of the PIN diodes adds more constraints to proper functioning of the antennas [18]. To address these issues, low cost passive metasurface reflectarray antennas are presented [19], [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Band Beam Steering Digital Metasurface Reflectarray Antenna for Millimeter Wave Applications

Bashir,

Singh,

Dubey

2023

IEEE Access

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A compact wideband digital metasurface reflectarray antenna for millimeter-wave application is presented in this article. The metasurface reflectarray is composed of periodic arrangements of metabit unit cell elements. The metabit consists of a dipole with end stub loading, exhibiting wideband reflection characteristics. The metabit is quantized to generate two discrete reflection phase levels, resulting in binary states of 0 and 1, respectively. The binary bits are distributed over the reflector surface using uniform phase quantization to achieve a highly directive beam in the desired direction. A digital metasurface reflector array composed of 20 × 20 metabits is analyzed, fabricated, and characterized. The digital reflector is illuminated by a Ka-band horn antenna placed at a miniaturized focal point, resulting in compactness with high gain. The specialized digital coding sequence on the reflector surface results in a highly directive beam towards 0 • , ±15 • , and ±30 • operating in the frequency band of 26 GHz -35 GHz with a maximum achievable gain of 21.5 dBi. The measured results of the digital metasurface reflectarray antenna depict the wideband characteristics of having a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 29.5% and a peak aperture efficiency of 30%in the frequency band of 26 GHz -35GHz. The proposed digital metasurface reflectarray antenna finds its application in millimeter-wave communications such as 5G and beyond, satellite, and defense applications. INDEX TERMSBeam scanning, digital metasurface, high gain millimeter-wave antenna, reflectarray antenna. GAZALI BASHIR (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) received the B.Tech. degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Islamic

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Design of Low-Profile Transmitarray Antennas With Wide Mechanical Beam Steering at Millimeter Waves

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for Ka-Band Electrical Beam Steering

Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for Ka-Band Electrical Beam Steering

Low Profile Dual Linearly Polarized 1-bit Transmitarray Exploiting Two Metallic Layers

Wide Band Beam Steering Digital Metasurface Reflectarray Antenna for Millimeter Wave Applications

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