“…These methods include evaporation, chemical precipitation, nanofiltration, solvent extraction, flotation, ion exchange, and adsorption. Many of these methods, however, are inefficient, costly, unhealthy, and generate hazardous waste. − Adsorption is considered one of the most commonly used procedures for removing radioactive elements from water samples due to its superior selectivity, simplicity, affordability, and widespread applicability. − Therefore, developing adsorbents that can efficiently remove Th(IV) ions is a crucial and imperious issue . It has recently been reported that metal oxides such as γ-Al 2 O 3 are widely used in adsorption processes due to their abundant raw materials, large surface area, high porosity, great stability, low price, and excellent price adsorption performance .…”