Design of Nano‐Laminated Coatings to Control Bioavailability of Lipophilic Food Components

Abstract

There is currently a lack of effective delivery systems to encapsulate, protect, and release bioactive lipophilic components, such as ω-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, tributyrin, vitamins, antioxidants, carotenoids, and phytosterols, which is holding back the development of functional foods designed to combat diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Delivery systems consisting of lipid droplets encapsulated by nano-laminated biopolymer coatings have great potential for use in the food industry for the encapsulation, protection, and release of bioactive lipids.This article reviews the potential impact of the physicochemical characteristics of nano-laminated biopolymer coatings on the bioavailability of encapsulated lipids. The effects of layer thickness, composition, electrical charge, permeability, and environmental responsiveness on digestion, release, and absorption of lipophilic components are highlighted. The possibility of designing nano-laminated biopolymer coatings to increase, decrease, or control the bioavailability of encapsulated lipids is shown. Data generated from in vitro digestion models and animal feeding studies are presented. This knowledge could be used by the food industry to produce functional foods designed to improve human health and wellness.

Is nano safe in foods? Establishing the factors impacting the gastrointestinal fate and toxicity of organic and inorganic food-grade nanoparticles

“…Alternatively, this may occur because the oil droplets are coated by an interfacial layer that inhibits the digestive enzymes from hydrolyzing the encapsulated lipids. 92 In these cases, it may be possible for indigestible lipid nanoparticles to be absorbed intact by the human body. Nevertheless, to the authors' knowledge there have been no studies on the potential fate of this type of nanoparticle after absorption, or of their potential toxicity.…”

“…As a result, the physiological response and biological impact of the bioactive agent may be altered by nanoencapsulation, which could have potentially adverse health effects. For example, the encapsulation of digestible lipids within nanolaminated dietary fiber coatings may inhibit the rate and extent of lipid digestion in the upper GIT, 92 so that high levels of undigested lipids reach the colon. These lipids may then be fermented by the colonic bacteria, which could cause gastrointestinal problems.…”

Effect of different stress conditions on the stability of quercetin-loaded lipid microparticles produced with babacu ( Orbignya speciosa ) oil: evaluation of their potential use in food applications

“…Several lipid-based microencapsulation systems are available to encapsulate, protect and deliver such hydrophobic bioactive compounds in the form of lipid droplets (emulsions, nanoemulsions, multiple emulsions), liposomes and solid lipid particles (McClements, 2010;McClements & Li, 2010). Solid lipid particles (micro or nano) are encapsulation systems that are similar to the conventional oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions, but their lipid core is composed of a solid lipid (solid at room temperature) (Müller et al, 2000;Mehnert & Mäder, 2001).…”

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

“…15,16 These digestible lipids greatly enhance the delivery of bioactive compounds in the small intestine by increasing the number of mixed micelles, which generally enhance solubility and transport of hydrophobic bioactive compounds. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Many studies have focused on the health beneficial aspects of nanophytobioactive compounds to reduce oxidative stress and treat neurological disorders and PD. [24][25][26][27][28] Nanocurcumin shows a higher mean residential time in the mice brain than that of natural curcumin.…”