Design of Nereid-UI: A remotely operated underwater vehicle for oceanographic access under ice

Bowen, A.; Yoerger, D.; German, Christopher; Kinsey, James C.; Jakuba, Michael V.; Gomez-Ibañez, Daniel; Taylor, Christopher L.; Machado, Casey; Howland, Jonathan C.; Kaiser, Carl L.; Heintz, Matthew; Pontbriand, C.; Suman, Stefano; O'Hara, L; Bailey, John W.; Judge, C.; Mcdonald, G.; Whitcomb, Louis L.; McFarland, Christopher; Mayer, Larry A.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2014.7003125

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…ROVs enable remote sensing of difficult to access locations across a range of temporal and spatial resolutions and minimize the disturbance of the ice environment in contrast to traditional ice coring techniques. Observational capabilities of ROVs are manifold due to a wide variety of attached sensors performing physical, chemical, and biological measurements (Katlein et al, 2017), and deployment distances from several hundred meters to extreme tether lengths of 20 km beneath the sea-ice cover (Nereid-UI ROV, Bowen et al, 2014;McFarland et al, 2015). For the investigation of parameters driving UIBs in Arctic waters, ROVs equipped with spectral radiometers have been frequently used to map under-ice irradiance and transmittance beneath landfast sea ice and moving pack ice in the AO (Nicolaus et al, 2012;Nicolaus and Katlein, 2013;Katlein et al, 2014Katlein et al, , 2015Katlein et al, , 2019Lund-Hansen et al, 2018;Matthes et al, 2020).…”

Section: Box 1: New Technologies: More Insights On Under-ice Biogeochmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the “Invisible” Part of Arctic Primary Production

et al. 2020

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The growth of phytoplankton at high latitudes was generally thought to begin in open waters of the marginal ice zone once the highly reflective sea ice retreats in spring, solar elevation increases, and surface waters become stratified by the addition of sea-ice melt water. In fact, virtually all recent large-scale estimates of primary production in the Arctic Ocean (AO) assume that phytoplankton production in the water column under sea ice is negligible. However, over the past two decades, an emerging literature showing significant under-ice phytoplankton production on a pan-Arctic scale has challenged our paradigms of Arctic phytoplankton ecology and phenology. This evidence, which builds on previous, but scarce reports, requires the Arctic scientific community to change its perception of traditional AO phenology and urgently revise it. In particular, it is essential to better comprehend, on small and large scales, the changing and variable icescapes, the under-ice light field and biogeochemical cycles during the transition from sea-ice covered to ice-free Arctic waters. Here, we provide a baseline of our current knowledge of under-ice blooms (UIBs), by defining their ecology and their environmental setting, but also their regional peculiarities (in terms of occurrence, magnitude, and assemblages), which is shaped by a complex AO. To this end, a multidisciplinary approach, i.e., combining expeditions and modern autonomous technologies, satellite, and modeling analyses, has been used to provide an overview of this pan-Arctic phenological feature, which will become increasingly important in future marine Arctic biogeochemical cycles.

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Section: Box 1: New Technologies: More Insights On Under-ice Biogeochmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the “Invisible” Part of Arctic Primary Production

et al. 2020

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“…They developed away from single tasks to comprehensive sensor platforms for various research applications. The currently most complex under-ice vehicle, capable of conducting complex piloted and autonomous under-ice surveys with a comprehensive sensor suite is the lightfiber tethered hybrid ROV Nereid Under Ice (NUI) vehicle (Bowen et al, 2014;Katlein et al, 2015a;McFarland et al, 2015). However, such huge and complex systems have a large logistical footprint, both in terms of vehicle handling as well as the need for rather large highly trained engineering teams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Remotely Operated Sensor Platform for Interdisciplinary Observations under Sea Ice

et al. 2017

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Observation of the climate and ecosystem of ice covered polar seas is a timely task for the scientific community. The goal is to assess the drastic and imminent changes of the polar sea ice cover induced by climate change. Retreating and thinning sea ice affects the planets energy budget, atmospheric, and oceanic circulation patterns as well as the ecosystem associated with this unique habitat. To increase the observational capabilities of sea ice scientists, we equipped a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) as sensor platform for interdisciplinary research at the ice water interface. Here, we present the technical details and operation scheme of the new vehicle and provide data examples from a first campaign in the Arctic in autumn 2016 to demonstrate the vehicle's capabilities. The vehicle is designed for efficient operations in the harsh polar conditions. Redundant modular design allows operation by three scientists simultaneously operating a wide variety of sensors. Sensors from physical, chemical, and biological oceanography are combined with optical and acoustic sea ice sensors to provide a comprehensive picture of the underside of sea ice. The sensor suite provides comprehensive capabilities and can be further extended as additional ports for power and communication are available. The vehicle provides full six degrees of freedom in navigation, enabling intervention, and manipulation skills despite its simple one function manipulator arm.

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“…Components cannot be taken from the shelf but will heavily rely on specifically designed modules down to the sensor level. Proven terrestrial underwater vehicles like Nereid-UI (Bowen et al 2014), BRUIE (Berisford et al 2013), DEPTHX (Stone et al 2018b) and Icefin have pioneered under-ice investigations of Polar oceans and provided insight into the technological challenges that autonomous or remotely operated vehicles are facing. At the same time, they assisted in developing a scientific mission scenario for the identification of regions of interest and the tools that are needed for a comprehensive coverage of relevant processes and events.…”

Section: Underwater Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Technologies and Instrumentation for Subsurface Exploration of Ocean Worlds

Dachwald

Ulamec

Postberg³

et al. 2020

Space Sci Rev

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In this chapter, the key technologies and the instrumentation required for the subsurface exploration of ocean worlds are discussed. The focus is laid on Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Enceladus because they have the highest potential for such missions in the near future. The exploration of their oceans requires landing on the surface, penetrating the thick ice shell with an ice-penetrating probe, and probably diving with an underwater vehicle through dozens of kilometers of water to the ocean floor, to have the chance to find

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Design of Nereid-UI: A remotely operated underwater vehicle for oceanographic access under ice

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the “Invisible” Part of Arctic Primary Production

Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the “Invisible” Part of Arctic Primary Production

A New Remotely Operated Sensor Platform for Interdisciplinary Observations under Sea Ice

Key Technologies and Instrumentation for Subsurface Exploration of Ocean Worlds

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