“…Tetragonality parameter ( c a ffiffi 2 p ) is an important factor for ZrO 2 tetragonal phase investigation [5,17]. In compounds such as M 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 , where M is Yttrium or a rare earth element, the tetragonality depends on the cooling rate of calcination process and also dopant concentration but independent of dopant type [22][23][24]. The tetragonality of t-prime and t-ZrO 2 phases is different.…”