Design of optical power delivery network based on power limitation of standard single-mode fiber at a wavelength of 1550  nm

Abstract

We investigated the optical power delivery (OPD) limit of standard single-mode fibers (SMFs) at a wavelength of 1550 nm. We demonstrate that the intrinsic limits on OPD of SMFs are the fiber transmission loss and the nonlinear effect of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). These limits cannot be overcome without choosing a different operation wavelength. We employed a C-band amplified spontaneous emission source pumped by a highpower erbium-doped fiber-optical amplifier as a broadband light source. As a result, the nonlinear effect caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering was successfully suppressed. By using this technique, we succeeded in delivering 3.5 W of optical power over a 5-km-long SMF. In addition, we demonstrated that the SRS becomes the main power-limiting factor when the delivery distance exceeds 5 km. We also used commercially available photovoltaic cells to convert optical power into electric power, and we confirmed a conversion efficiency of 17.4%. Consequently, about 500 mW of electric power can be delivered by using a 5-km-long SMF. We can construct an OPD system that can deliver electric power of the order of several hundreds of milliwatts over a distance of more than 5 km through SMF. Our results will be useful with a view to realizing long-range OPD systems such as an application of sensing network.

Demonstration of Power-over-Fiber with Watts of Output Power Capabilities over Kilometers or at Cryogenic Temperatures

“…We verified that the transmission losses measured with the commercial single-mode and multi-mode fibers are consistent with the values typically specified from the manufacturers. With more powerful 1550 nm sources and using single-mode fibers, Ma et al demonstrated ~3.5 W of transmitted optical power for a 5 km link, ~1.5 W of transmitted optical power for a 10 km link, and ~0.5 W of transmitted optical power for a 20 km link [1]. Extrapolating our single-mode results in Figure 2 to those that demonstrated higher transmitted optical powers from Ma et al, the AFBR-POC205A9 LPC capabilities are expected to reach an electrical output of Pmpp > 1.6 W, Pmpp > 0.7 W, and Pmpp > 0.23 W for the 5 km, 10 km, and 20 km links, respectively.…”

“…The optical power delivery limits of standard SMF have been previously studied to understand the impact of transmission losses, the nonlinear effect of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and the nonlinear effect caused by Brillouin scattering [1,3]. These earlier studies indicated that relatively broadband light sources at wavelengths around 1550 nm can be advantageous to successfully suppress Brillouin scattering losses and to minimize the transmission losses.…”

Power Over Fiber in C-RAN With Low Power Sleep Mode Remote Nodes Using SMF

“…From Eq (1) and Eq (2) considering a 14.43 km link of G652.D fiber at 1480 nm, PSRS is around 0.8 W which is lower than the HPL input power used in our experiments. In [14] they suggest that after 5 km SMF the limiting effect on PoF delivery is SRS with a high impact; but they only calculate the PSRS and not SRS in a real scenario, including the PV cell spectrum efficiency. Using VPI Photonics TM virtual photonic instrumentation software tool we estimate, in a dedicated scenario, the forward and backward SRS and the backward Rayleigh Scattering to verify if non-linear effects are more limiting than PV cells restrictions on the maximum power that the system can handle.…”

“…Considering the data described in previous sections, our system provides 226 mW with HPL optical power of 2.24W, meaning an optical at CO to electrical RRH efficiency of 10% in 14.43 km optical power delivery using a SMF. In [14], they experimentally provide 107 mW with no overall efficiency, using a 17% single PV cell efficiency and they proposed using 8 nodes at 5 km with 50 mW in each nodes, but no measurements are reported. In [11], they launch 2.5 W optical power in the system and provide an electrical power of 190 mW using 4 PV cells in 8 km optical power delivery using a SMF, reaching an efficiency of 7.5%.…”

Design and Research of Laser Power Converter (LPC) for Passive Optical Fiber Audio Transmission System Terminal

“…In 2015, L. Ma, K. Tsujikawa, N. Hanzawa, and their team conducted research on the optical power delivery (OPD) limits of standard single-mode optical fibers (SMFs) at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The study revealed that optical fiber transmission losses and the nonlinear effects of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) were intrinsic limiting factors affecting the optical output of SMFs [21]. In 2020, H. Helmers, C. Armbruster, and their colleagues developed a fiber-based optical power delivery system capable of providing a continuous power output of up to 6.2 W under common voltages of 3.3 V and 5 V [22].…”