Design of Ordered Mesoporous Sulfonic Acid Functionalized ZrO₂/organosilica Bifunctional Catalysts for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Glucose to Ethyl Levulinate

Abstract

Ordered mesoporous sulfonic acid functionalized ZrO 2 /organosilica catalysts (SO 4 2À /ZrO 2 -PMO-SO 3 H) bearing tunable Brønsted, and Lewis acid site distributions were prepared by a P123directed sol-gel co-condensation route followed by ClSO 3 H functionalization. As-prepared catalysts were applied in the conversion of glucose to ethyl levulinate in ethanol medium. The SO 4 2À /ZrO 2 -PMO-SO 3 H-catalyzed target reaction followed a glucose-ethyl glucoside-ethyl fructoside-5-ethoxymethylfurfuralethyl levulinate pathway dominated by the synergistic effect of the super strong Brønsted acidity, and moderate Lewis acidity of the catalysts. Additionally, by combining the advantages of the considerably high Brønsted (696 meq g À1 ), Lewis acid site density (703 meq g À1 ), optimal Brønsted/Lewis molar ratio (0.99), and excellent porosity properties, the SO 4 2À /ZrO 2 -PMO-SO 3 H1.0 obtained at an initial Si/Zr molar ratio of 1.0 exhibited the highest ethyl levulinate yield (42.3 %) among the various tested catalysts. Moreover, the SO 4 2À /ZrO 2 -PMO-SO 3 H can be reused three times without obvious changes in activity, morphology, and chemical structure.[a] Dr.

Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Supported Acid–Base Bifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks as Efficient Catalyst for Glucose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Conversion

“…The Zr 3d and S 2p appears for UiO‐66‐SO 3 H‐NH 2 (Figure A‐c); the S 2p spectrum in Figure D consists of two peaks at 169.8 and 168.6 eV, which are identified as the S 2p 1/2 and S 2p 3/2 binding energy . Figure E shows the peak of Zr 3d at the binding energy of 185.7 and 183.3 eV, which correspond to Zr3d 3/2 and Zr 3d 5/2 . By analyzing the XPS high‐resolution spectrum of Zr 3d and S 2p, it can be further concluded that the UiO‐66‐SO 3 H‐NH 2 /PDA@GO are successfully synthesized in this study, which was consistent with the aforementioned FT‐IR test.…”

“…For the past few years, due to the use of a large number of nonrenewable fossil energy, people are faced with a major challenge from declining petroleum supplies and the environmental pollution . Thus, it is of great significance to study the production of available chemicals and valuable biofuels from a wide, cheap, and renewable biomass to replace traditional fossil energy .…”

Advances in nano-catalysts based biodiesel production from non-food feedstocks

“…TG (5.8 nm), to penetrate into the pore channels and contact the active sites Wu et al, 2014a). Sol-gel, polymeric precursor, microwave and hydrothermal are some of the critical synthetic processes for fabricating mesoporous materials (Song et al, 2018;Soltani et al, 2017;Xie et al, 2016). Mesostructured nano-catalysts can be prepared via post-synthesis procedure such as grafting methods and direct synthesis like cocondensation reactions.…”

Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas: Tunable Hydrophobic Solid Acids for Biomass Conversion

“…The cascade proceeds via glucose-ethyl glucoside-ethyl fructoside-5-ethoxymethylfurfural-ethyl levulinate, in which Bronsted acidity is required for the etherification and dehydration steps, while Lewis acidity promotes isomerization pathways. Hydrophobic PMO-based catalysts were found to be less susceptible to deactivation owing to inhibition of water byproduct adsorption [133].…”