“…The observed higher chemical shift value of the signal due to the azomethein proton affirms the bonding of the ligand L, to the Cd(II) ion through the imine nitrogen atom. Additionally, the ligand L, and Cd(II) complex reveal some multiplet signals due to phenyl, furanyl, and pyridyl rings protons that were well established in their predictable regions as given in Table 2 with their coupling constant J (Hz) 28 , 29 . Figure 4 1 H NMR spectrum of [CdL(bpy)](NO 3 ) 2 complex.…”
The present investigation goal was to investigate the chemistry of four new mononuclear mixed ligand Fe(III), Co(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) complexes constructed from furfural-type imine ligand (L), and the co ligand 2,2′-bipyridine in addition to assessing their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial, and fungi strains. The structure of the complexes was interpreted by different spectroscopic techniques such as MS, IR, 1H NMR, UV–Vis, elemental analysis, TG-DTG, conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The correlation of all results revealed that ligand (L) acts as a neutral ONNO tetradentate whereas the co ligand acts as a neutral NN bidentate. The coordination of the ligands with the metal ions in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 leads to formation of an octahedral geometry around the metal ions. The octahedral geometry has been validated and optimized by DFT analysis. Conductivity data showed the electrolytic nature of all complexes. The thermal stability of all complexes was deduced in addition to evaluating some thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters using Coats–Redfern method. Furthermore, all complexes in comparison to their parent ligands were tested for their biological potency against some pathogenic bacterial, and fungi strains using the paper disk diffusion method. [CdL(bpy)](NO3)2 complex revealed the highest antimicrobial activity.
“…The observed higher chemical shift value of the signal due to the azomethein proton affirms the bonding of the ligand L, to the Cd(II) ion through the imine nitrogen atom. Additionally, the ligand L, and Cd(II) complex reveal some multiplet signals due to phenyl, furanyl, and pyridyl rings protons that were well established in their predictable regions as given in Table 2 with their coupling constant J (Hz) 28 , 29 . Figure 4 1 H NMR spectrum of [CdL(bpy)](NO 3 ) 2 complex.…”
The present investigation goal was to investigate the chemistry of four new mononuclear mixed ligand Fe(III), Co(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) complexes constructed from furfural-type imine ligand (L), and the co ligand 2,2′-bipyridine in addition to assessing their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial, and fungi strains. The structure of the complexes was interpreted by different spectroscopic techniques such as MS, IR, 1H NMR, UV–Vis, elemental analysis, TG-DTG, conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The correlation of all results revealed that ligand (L) acts as a neutral ONNO tetradentate whereas the co ligand acts as a neutral NN bidentate. The coordination of the ligands with the metal ions in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 leads to formation of an octahedral geometry around the metal ions. The octahedral geometry has been validated and optimized by DFT analysis. Conductivity data showed the electrolytic nature of all complexes. The thermal stability of all complexes was deduced in addition to evaluating some thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters using Coats–Redfern method. Furthermore, all complexes in comparison to their parent ligands were tested for their biological potency against some pathogenic bacterial, and fungi strains using the paper disk diffusion method. [CdL(bpy)](NO3)2 complex revealed the highest antimicrobial activity.
“…Vanadium can have direct interactions with DNA [ 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ] or with proteins associated with DNA (histones), as well as indirect consequences through the generation of ROS. The direct interaction of vanadium complexes with DNA often reflects the ability of vanadium compounds to be intercalated into the 3D structure of the DNA double helix [ 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 ]. Vanadium salts and compounds have been shown to interact directly with proteins as discussed in Section 2.6 .…”
Section: Effects Of Vanadium and Lpo On Plasma Membranes Organelles M...mentioning
Lipid peroxidation (LPO), a process that affects human health, can be induced by exposure to vanadium salts and compounds. LPO is often exacerbated by oxidation stress, with some forms of vanadium providing protective effects. The LPO reaction involves the oxidation of the alkene bonds, primarily in polyunsaturated fatty acids, in a chain reaction to form radical and reactive oxygen species (ROS). LPO reactions typically affect cellular membranes through direct effects on membrane structure and function as well as impacting other cellular functions due to increases in ROS. Although LPO effects on mitochondrial function have been studied in detail, other cellular components and organelles are affected. Because vanadium salts and complexes can induce ROS formation both directly and indirectly, the study of LPO arising from increased ROS should include investigations of both processes. This is made more challenging by the range of vanadium species that exist under physiological conditions and the diverse effects of these species. Thus, complex vanadium chemistry requires speciation studies of vanadium to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the various species that are present during vanadium exposure. Undoubtedly, speciation is important in assessing how vanadium exerts effects in biological systems and is likely the underlying cause for some of the beneficial effects reported in cancerous, diabetic, neurodegenerative conditions and other diseased tissues impacted by LPO processes. Speciation of vanadium, together with investigations of ROS and LPO, should be considered in future biological studies evaluating vanadium effects on the formation of ROS and on LPO in cells, tissues, and organisms as discussed in this review.
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