Design of Pump-and-Treat Strategies for Contaminated Groundwater Remediation Using Numerical Modeling: A Case Study

Abstract

Pump-and-treat (P&T) techniques are among the most commonly applied methods for groundwater contamination remediation. This study develops a groundwater flow model and a solute transport model using MODFLOW and RT3D to design and optimize P&T strategies for a polluted chemical park in northern China. Five scenarios were analyzed to evaluate the effects of well placement and pumping rates on remediation performance. Simulation results indicate that the existing number of extraction wells is inadequate to meet remediation targets. While increasing the pumping rate of individual wells accelerates remediation, it also increases the total extracted water volume. Similarly, higher extraction rates in heavily contaminated areas shorten remediation times but lead to greater water extraction. The findings demonstrate that numerical modeling can effectively optimize P&T designs, enabling the minimization of water extraction volumes while achieving remediation objectives within the required timeframe.