Design of Rotman lens for beamsteering of 94 GHzantenna array

Fuchs, H.-H.; Nüßler, Dirk

doi:10.1049/el:19990640

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Its value depends on power considerations. As no phase variation appears if or if , we adopt the functional form for (6) where (7) is the power carried by a unit-power fundamental Gaussian beam passing through a square aperture .…”

Section: B Modeling Of Gbas Fed By a Guided Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…based on Rotman lenses [5], [6], Luneburg lenses [7], or Butler matrices [8], [9] or 2) focusing devices including, for instance, shaped dielectric lenses [10]- [13], substrate lenses with radiating elements printed on quasi-hemispherical lenses [14]- [16], Fresnel zone plate antennas [17], [18], reflect arrays [19]- [21] or directive photonic-bandgap antennas [22]. The size of conventional lenses is usually large compared to the working wavelength, and the radiation efficiency of printed antennas is limited by losses due to the feeding network and surface waves.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Radiation characteristics and performance of millimeter-wave horn-fed gaussian beam antennas

Sauleau

Coquet

Thouroude

et al. 2003

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Radiation characteristics and performance of Gaussian beam antennas (GBAs) are studied theoretically and experimentally in the 60-GHz band. A GBA consists of a plano-convex half-wavelength Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator excited by a guided source with a metal flange. Two reflecting metal mesh mirrors are formed on both faces of the cavity. After a review of the principles and quasi-optical performance of plano-convex FP resonators illuminated by a plane wave, a new formulation is proposed to compute radiation patterns of GBAs: the usual expression of the waist radius inside open resonators is modified to account for the horn aperture and for the grid parameters of the plane mirror. Standard closed-form relations of vector Gaussian beams are then used to compute the radiated copolar components. In particular, it is shown that the plane mirror is not an equiphase surface, due to the metal flange of the horn. The true phase distribution is approximated by a spherical wavefront. As a result, the directivity of the antenna becomes lower than its quasi-optical value. Experimental data obtained at 60 GHz with several pyramidal horns and various cavities agree very well with the theory. Sidelobes are lower than 25 dB, and the cross-polarization level is the same as that of the primary radiator. Universal curves showing the variations of resonant frequency, 3 dB bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency as a function of mirror reflectivity are very useful for the design of GBAs.Index Terms-Fabry-Perot cavity, focusing by a phase variation, Gaussian beam antenna.

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Section: B Modeling Of Gbas Fed By a Guided Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation characteristics and performance of millimeter-wave horn-fed gaussian beam antennas

Sauleau

Coquet

Thouroude

et al. 2003

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…For this reason, much research has focused on the various types of compact Rotman lenses. A simple method to reduce the lens size is to design the Rotman lens in millimeter wave band [3][4][5]. Fuchs and Nussler [3] proposed a compact Rotman lens feeding a 10-element linear array at 94 GHz using conventional waveguide technology.…”

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simple method to reduce the lens size is to design the Rotman lens in millimeter wave band [3][4][5]. Fuchs and Nussler [3] proposed a compact Rotman lens feeding a 10-element linear array at 94 GHz using conventional waveguide technology. Another approach for reducing the size of beamformers involves reduction of the length of delay lines between the lens body and the antenna array.…”

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Rotman Lens with Size-Reduced Transition Structures between the Lens Body and the Connecting Lines

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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This paper introduces a new design for a Rotman lens that has been proposed to minimize its size and provide a suitable design for a compact beamforming system. The size reduction is realized by minimizing the length of the transition structures, which are positioned between the lens body and the connecting lines. The proposed structure is much shorter than a conventional transition structure, which is a tapered line in general. As a result, a 45% size reduction can be achieved by using the proposed transition structure, compared to a typical Rotman lens with linearly tapered lines. Therefore, the proposed Rotman lens will be suitable for compact beamforming systems.Key Words: Rotman Lens, Beamforming Network, Transition Structure, Tapered Line. Manuscript received April 8, 2013 ; Revised May 3, 2013 ; Accepted May 27, 2013. (ID No. 20130408-011J) This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ⅰ. IntroductionA Rotman lens, first proposed by Rotman and Turner [1], is a kind of planar lens in which a wave is guided along constrained paths based upon the design equations. It can generate multiple beams with phase relationships that are determined from the path length of the wave passing through the lens. Its advantages are easy fabrication, low cost, light weight, wide bandwidth, and the simultaneous availability of many beams. It can have low aberrations in a wide scanning angle because there are three perfect focal points. In addition, it is able to decide the number and direction of beams for the desired shape within the scanning angle. Thus, for 50 years it has been widely used in various areas, especially in military applications [2].The most recent version of the Rotman lens is a compact design for commercial applications. For this reason, much research has focused on the various types of compact Rotman lenses. A simple method to reduce the lens size is to design the Rotman lens in millimeter wave band [3][4][5]. Fuchs and Nussler [3] proposed a compact Rotman lens feeding a 10-element linear array at 94 GHz using conventional waveguide technology. Another approach for reducing the size of beamformers involves reduction of the length of delay lines between the lens body and the antenna array. Song et al.[6] fabricated a Rotman lens on a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LT-CC) substrate, aiming for 60 GHz system-in-package (SiP) applications. He introduced air cavities around the transmission line, which could lower the effective permittivity of the line. With those lines, the Rotman lens can satisfy the phase conditions for an antenna array with reduced delay lines. A similar method was realized by Cheng et al. [7], who designed a Rotman lens based on a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) and controlled the phase of delay lines by changing t...

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“…To reduce the overall size of such a waveguide fed system at 94 GHz the selected design combines the parallel plate region, the antenna array and the interconnecting transmission lines in one single plane block. In 1999, we presented first time a lens design for 94 GHz in waveguide technology [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotman lens for the millimeter wave frequency range Dirk Nüβler

Nüßler¹,

Fuchs²,

Brauns³

2007

2007 European Microwave Conference

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ShortAbstract-Applications in radar sytems and communications systems require very often antennas with beam steering or multi beam capabilities. For the millimetre frequency range Rotman lenses can be useful as multiple beam forming networks for linear antennas providing the advantage of broadband performance. For microwave bands lens design is predominantly performed in stripline or microstrip technology to meet the requirements for compact low weight and low costs systems. The design and development of Rotman lens at 94 GHz feeding an antenna array for beam steering applications is presented. The construction is completely realized in waveguide technology. Experimental results are compared with theoretical considerations and electromagnetic simulations. The first approach for a two dimensional lens stack for 94 GHz is demonstrated.

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Design of Rotman lens for beamsteering of 94 GHzantenna array

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Radiation characteristics and performance of millimeter-wave horn-fed gaussian beam antennas

Radiation characteristics and performance of millimeter-wave horn-fed gaussian beam antennas

Compact Rotman Lens with Size-Reduced Transition Structures between the Lens Body and the Connecting Lines

Rotman lens for the millimeter wave frequency range Dirk Nüβler

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Design of Rotman lens for beamsteering of 94 GHzantenna array

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Radiation characteristics and performance of millimeter-wave horn-fed gaussian beam antennas

Radiation characteristics and performance of millimeter-wave horn-fed gaussian beam antennas

Compact Rotman Lens with Size-Reduced Transition Structures between the Lens Body and the Connecting Lines

Rotman lens for the millimeter wave frequency range Dirk N&#x00FC;&#x03B2;ler

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Rotman lens for the millimeter wave frequency range Dirk Nüβler