Design of Self-Healing Rubber by Introducing Ionic Interaction To Construct a Network Composed of Ionic and Covalent Cross-Linking

Abstract

Introducing reversible ionic interaction is one of the most effective methods to achieve self-healing behavior in rubbers. However, the strength of the rubbers only containing an ionic cross-linking network is quite limited, and their long-term stability is questionable. In this work, polar epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR) filled with zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) were vulcanized with a peroxide cure system to obtain a self-healing material. We controlled vulcanization parameters to inhibit the formation of covalent cross-linking network and constructed a network composed of covalent and ionic cross-linking. In the presence of a slightly covalent cross-linking network, the mobility of rubber chains is almost unlimited, and the composite exhibits high strength and stability. The rearrangement of rubber chains is still prone to occur, which promotes the self-repairing behavior of the rubber and allows the fully cut sample to undergo proper self-healing at ambient temperature.

Adaptable Reversibly Interlocked Networks from Immiscible Polymers Enhanced by Hierarchy-Induced Multilevel Energy Consumption Mechanisms

“…Thanks to the hierarchical structure, both the strengthening efficiency and the toughening efficiency of ILN-202 are simultaneously increased, which forms a contrast to other multicomponent polymer systems containing ionic interactions (Figure S14). Meanwhile, in comparison with (i) the single-component dual-cross-linked elastomers containing covalent cross-links and ionic interactions ,− and (ii) two-component co-networks (including double networks ,,,, and IPNs ,− ,− ), our interlocked networks possess the highest tensile strength, and the failure strain is also superior to most systems (Table S5). It is worth noting that many two-component co-networks ,− are based on miscible couples, but their mechanical properties are lower than those of interlocked networks made from immiscible polymers.…”

Recyclable and Reprocessable Crosslinked Rubber Enabled by Constructing Ionic Crosslinked Networks

“…This ionic crosslinked SBR was swollen in toluene, and then, H + from the ionization of chloroacetic acid replaced Zn 2+ in the crosslinked structure forming zinc chloroacetate, simultaneously zinc carboxylate in the crosslinked structure was transformed into the carboxyl group (Figure 3A). 34 The recycling rate was 90%, which was calculated by the ratio of weight between recycled SBR and initial SBR in the ioncrosslinked structure. For the recycled rubber, the characteristic peaks of −COO − at 1396 and 1537 cm −1 were substituted by two characteristic absorption peaks of carboxyl groups at 1735 and 3409 cm −1 (Figure 3B−D).…”

Self‐Healing and Flexible Ionic Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Reversible Bond for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

“…[45] Simultaneously, non-covalent interactions, such as ionic interaction and hydrogen bond can also benefit to construct a healable IGPE for their reversible association-dissociation properties. [46][47][48] For ionic liquid itself, the ionic interactions between imidazolium and TFSI À groups can possess healing ability in IGPE. [49] The dynamic nature of the covalent cross-linking and ionic interactions endow the IGPE membrane with the healable ability, even at lower temperatures.…”