The traditional interferometry only uses laser light source, because of the ultra-high coherence rate of laser, there will be great crosstalk in the detection of special optical devices such as parallel plate and prism. LED, tungsten lamp and other traditional light sources are not suitable as ideal light sources for testing interferometers of special optical components because of their poor collimation, poor laser intensity stability and short coherence length. The short coherence superposition laser illumination source has the advantages of good directivity, high brightness and moderate coherence length, so it is an ideal light source for special components to detect interferometers. As a new type of semiconductor device, laser is widely used in people's life, but its problems are also obvious. In this paper, modulation of short coherent light source based on photoelectric effect is studied. The paper initially introduces the realization and optimization of the short coherent light source, then analyzes the longitudinal modeling of the semiconductor laser, and calibrates the semiconductor laser. Finally, based on the photoelectric effect, a short coherent light source is proposed to replace conventional electroluminescent devices with certain reliability, low cost and stability.