Design of Single Mode Fiber for Optical Communications

Abstract

In this work, a step-index fiber with core index and cladding index has been designed. Single-mode operation can be obtained by using a fiber with core diameters 4–13 µm operating at a wavelength of 1.31 µm and by 4–15 µm at 1.55 µm. The fundamental fiber mode properties such as phase constant, effective refractive index, mode radius, effective mode area and the power in the core were calculated. Distributions of the intensity and the amplitude were shown.

Effect of ratio gold nanoparticles on the properties and efficiency photovoltaic of thin films of amorphous tungsten trioxide

“…Metal nanoparticles' color and optical characteristics are caused by surface plasma resonance (SPR), a collective longitudinal excitation of conduction electrons on the nanoparticles' surface [7]. The primary goal of this study is to fabricated (n-WO 3 /p-Si) heterojunction with doped tungsten oxide films in various concentrations of gold nanoparticles (0, 0.04, 0.08 M) by using the spray pyrolysis technique, which is one of the processes used to produce and prepare thin films of tungsten trioxide [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], as well as to examine the structural, optical, and surface characteristics of the prepared samples.…”