Design of Slender Webs Having Rectangular Holes

Shear capacity of steel plate girders with large web openings, Part I: Modeling and simulations

“…The tension field action is also present for girders with openings, but the relative contribution of the tension field decreases with increasing opening size. For D/h = 0.50 the simulated values agree quite well with the EC3 curve scaled to 50%, which is in accordance with the theory of Narayanan et al [11,12], where the opening diameter was subtracted directly from the width of the tension field. For reason of simplification and consistency, when the opening size goes to zero, the design model should not include more tension field action than that given in EC3.…”

“…Based on the Cardiff tension field method Narayanan [10] developed a method for determining the shear capacity of girders with both circular and rectangular openings including the contributions from the critical load, the membrane tension, flange bending and reinforcement if any. Later publications, Narayanan et al [11,12] considered various opening locations. Based on tension field action ENV 1993 Annex N [13] gave provisions for girders with web openings up to 0.75h, with aspects ratios of 1.0 to 3.0.…”

Web openings in horizontally curved composite plate girders

“…Based on the results obtained from 20 web panel tests, Narayanan and Rockey [2] proposed an approximate method to predict the ultimate capacity of plate girders with a perforated web. In the equilibrium solution proposed, Narayanan and Der Avanessian [3][4][5] assumed that the width of membrane stresses developed along a diagonal band is reduced by the largest dimension of the hole. A modified elastic critical stress [6] was employed in the equilibrium solution.…”

“…It was also established by Narayanan and Der Avanessian [7] that it is advantageous to locate the openings in the corner of web panels in the compression diagonal, as far away as possible from the tension field. Expressions to estimate the ultimate capacity of plate girders with eccentric web holes were derived by Narayanan and Darwish [8] using the virtual work method and equilibrium considerations. Studies [9] on ultimate load carrying capacity of plate girder webs containing central circular openings and subjected simultaneously to bending moment and shear demonstrated that central web holes do not reduce the flexural capacity significantly.…”

Ultimate strength of perforated steel plates under combined biaxial compression and edge shear loads

“…In these papers, the author also made a survey on a number of useful studies related to buckling and ultimate strength of perforated plates that have previously been undertaken in the literature; for elastic buckling, Shanmugam and Narayanan [3], Sabir and Chow [4], Narayanan and Darwish [5], Brown and Yettram [6], Brown et al [7], Shakerley and Brown [8], Shanmugam et al [9], El-Sawy and Nazmy [10], and El-Sawy and Martini [11] are referred to; for elastic-plastic buckling, Azizian and Roberts [12], Durban and Zuckerman [13], Betten and Shin [14], and El-Sawy et al [15] are referred to; For ultimate strength, Narayanan and Rockey [16], Narayanan and Chow [17], and Rockey et al [23] are referred to.…”