Design of steels for high speed machining

Subramanian, S.V.; Gekonde, H.O.; Zhang, X.

doi:10.1179/030192399677185

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1,2) In the case of free-cutting steels, MnO-SiO 2 -(Al 2 O 3 )-MnS inclusions of low melting temperature are utilized as a lubricant layer between tool and chip in order to improve machinability. 3,4) Due to Al in steel which is from refractory materials or an impurity of alloying metals, the inclusions inevitably contain certain amount of Al 2 O 3 . Therefore, inclusions mainly consist of MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MnS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Phase Equilibria of MnS Containing Sub-systems in the MnO–SiO2–Al2O3–MnS System

et al. 2009

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Phase equilibria of the MnO-MnS, MnO-SiO 2 -MnS, and MnO-Al 2 O 3 -MnS systems under low oxygen partial pressure have been experimentally investigated for the temperature range of 1 200 to 1 500°C using equilibration and quenching techniques. Equilibrium phases were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope, Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Phase diagrams were successfully constructed for the systems investigated. A ternary compound in the MnO-SiO 2 -MnS system was observed at 1 200°C and 1 250°C. No ternary compound or solid solution was observed in the MnO-Al 2 O 3 -MnS system. The results of the present study were critically compared with the results reported previously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Phase Equilibria of MnS Containing Sub-systems in the MnO–SiO2–Al2O3–MnS System

et al. 2009

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“…The purpose of the present study is (1) to measure the thermodynamic properties such as the activities of MnO and MnS and the sulfide capacity in liquid oxysulfide of MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MnS at 1773 K (1500°C) experimentally, (2) to analyze the behavior of dissolved sulfide in the liquid solution, and (3) to apply solution thermodynamics to the prediction of the thermodynamics of liquid oxysulfide.…”

Section: Mno-sio 2 -Al 2 O 3 -Mns-type Molten Oxy-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such type of inclusions has practical importance because (1) precipitation of solid MnS from the molten oxysulfide inclusion may induce the Mn-depleted zone near the inclusion during reheating of structural steel, which is one mechanism of intragranular acicular ferrite formation, [1] and (2) MnS inclusions associated with soft oxide (or oxysulfide) inclusions evenly dispersed in re-sulfurized steel for free machining act as lubricant between machining tool and the steel chips during high-speed machining. [2] Estimation of solubility of MnS is of practical importance, in particular for free-machining steel, because the appropriate balance in the amounts between liquid oxysulfide (as a lubricant) and solid MnS (as a chip breaker) is necessary for stable machining. Therefore, accurate control of evolution of such inclusions in steels is important, and it requires information on thermodynamics and phase equilibria of the MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MnS system.…”

Section: Mno-sio 2 -Al 2 O 3 -Mns-type Molten Oxy-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of MnO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnS Liquid Oxysulfide: Experimental and Thermodynamic Modeling

Kim

Woo

Gaye

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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The activities of MnO and MnS in a MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 (or AlO 1.5 )-MnS liquid oxysulfide solution were investigated by employing the gas/liquid/Pt-Mn alloy chemical equilibration technique under a controlled atmosphere at 1773 K (1500°C). Also, the sulfide capacity, defined as C S = (wt pct S)(pO 2 /pS 2 ) 1/2 , in MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 slag with a dilute MnS concentration was obtained from the measured experimental data. As X SiO2 /(X MnO + X SiO2 ) in liquid oxysulfide increases, the activity coefficient of MnO decreases, while that of MnS first increases and then decreases. As X(AlO 1.5 ) in liquid oxysulfide increases, the activity coefficient of MnS increases, while no remarkable change is observed for the activity coefficient of MnO. The behavior of the activity coefficient of MnS was qualitatively analyzed by considering MnO + A x S y (SiS 2 or Al 2 S 3 ) = MnS + A x O y (SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 ) reciprocal exchange reactions in the oxysulfide solution. The behavior was shown to be consistent with phase diagram data, namely, the MnS saturation boundary. Quantitative analysis of the activity coefficient of the oxysulfide solution was also carried out by employing the modified quasichemical model in the quadruplet approximation.

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“…The number of inclusions per unit volume was calculated by the number and size of inclusions and R. T. DeHoff's equations [55] expressed by Eqs. [5] and [6]. The volume fraction of inclusions was calculated by Eq.…”

Section: Error Analysis Of Nano-indentation and Macrohardness Measmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,4] It is considered that soft inclusions in steel can promote ductile fracture of chip formation process. [5] However, hard inclusions which have high melting points in steel can reduce tool life seriously during cutting process because of abrasive wear. [6] Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanical properties of inclusions in steel, as the basis of the investigation of the effects of inclusions on machinability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Non-metallic Inclusions on Machinability of Free-Cutting Steels Investigated by Nano-Indentation Measurements

Wang

Yang

Bao

2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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In the present paper, the nano-indentation technique is used to investigate the effects of inclusions on machinability of free-cutting steel. Firstly, the hardness, elastic moduli, and loaddisplacement curves of inclusions are analyzed and compared with matrix. Secondly, the effects of inclusions on machinability are investigated using nano-indentation measurements and thermodynamic calculations. Lastly, errors of nano-indentation measurements and macrohardness tests are analyzed. The hardness of BN is lower than that of MnS. Both of them have lower hardness than those of matrices. Since the hardness of Al 2 O 3 and TiN is higher than that of matrices, they exist as hard spots in steels. The elasticities of BN and MnS are much better than those of Al 2 O 3 , TiN, and matrices. BN and MnS which have lower hardness values and better elasticities than matrices can improve the machinability of steel effectively. Special attention should be paid to the effects of inclusions in steel on the results of nano-indentation measurement and macrohardness test.

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Design of steels for high speed machining

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental Investigations of Phase Equilibria of MnS Containing Sub-systems in the MnO–SiO2–Al2O3–MnS System

Experimental Investigations of Phase Equilibria of MnS Containing Sub-systems in the MnO–SiO2–Al2O3–MnS System

Thermodynamics of MnO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnS Liquid Oxysulfide: Experimental and Thermodynamic Modeling

Effects of Non-metallic Inclusions on Machinability of Free-Cutting Steels Investigated by Nano-Indentation Measurements

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