Design of the NIST 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard system

Abstract

NIST has developed and implemented a new Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) that operates at 10 V. This next-generation system is optimized for both dc metrology and stepwiseapproximated ac voltage measurements for frequencies up to a few hundred hertz. The nonhysteretic Josephson junctions in these 10 V PJVS systems, which produce intrinsically stable voltages, provide a number of advantages and additional features as compared to conventional JVS systems.

1 V programmable voltage standards based on SNIS Josephson junction series arrays

“…Present state of the art programmable and AC Josephson voltage standards include programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS) based on superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) technology operating 3 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. at 70 GHz [4], superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Nb/Nb X Si 1−X /Nb arrays operating at 20 or 70 GHz with 1 and 10 V output amplitudes [5,6], and series arrays with up to 500 000 NbN junctions irradiated at 10-20 GHz, capable of generating voltages up to 17 V [7]. NbN based junctions, with TiN barriers have been used to realize DACs with 10 bits and amplitudes above 10 V operated in a cryocooler at 10 K [8].…”