Design of Transmission Lines for Atmospheric Icing

Goel, Anand

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8531-4_8

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is related to so-called "dry growth" (meaning the absence of a liquid layer during the process of formation, because the cloud water droplets freeze rapidly upon hitting an ice surface), and is called "rime" [Makkonen, 2000]. In this particular case it is "soft rime" due to its low density (200-600 kg m À3 according to Fikke et al [2007] and Farzaneh and Savadjiev [2008] or 300-600 kg m À3 according to Goel [2008]). Measurements of "shrimp tails" attached to Jyuhyo formations made by Kuroiwa et al [1969] and Yano et al [1996] showed densities of 250-300 kg m À3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of unusual atmospheric icing at Mount Zao, Japan, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model

Podolskiy¹,

Nygaard²,

Nishimura³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] A mesoscale atmospheric model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), was used for a case study that reconstructs mid-spring episodes of rime formation at Mt. Zao, Japan. One particularly interesting and rare form of rime was observed. The formations were feathery, opaque aggregates of granular ice 15-30 cm long, called "shrimp tails" in Japanese. Based on an analysis of model-generated results, we find good quantitative agreement of modeled and observed wind and temperature time series at Jizosancho ropeway station. We identified two icing events (lasting for 36 and 41 h respectively, with surface air temperatures between À6.3 and À0.1 C, relatively constant westerly winds up to 26 m s À1 , and maximum cloud liquid water contents (LWC) between 0.72 and 1.05 g m À3). We confirmed that high-resolution modeling (1.1 km grid spacing) was much more accurate than simulations with coarser grids (10 and 3.3 km). The LWC during the formation period of this rare type of icing was estimated for the first time using the WRF model at Mt. Zao, and it was found to be up to several times higher than values previously used in experimental studies. We found that the joint wind speed-air temperature distribution for this type of "tail" rime was more similar to that of a hard rime or glaze, than to a soft rime. We explain the formation of "shrimp tails" by wind impact angle and report previously made laboratory results on its effect on the droplet collision efficiency and the density of rime ice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of unusual atmospheric icing at Mount Zao, Japan, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model

Podolskiy¹,

Nygaard²,

Nishimura³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Wind loads can deteriorate the situation by intensifying the stresses on the mechanical parts. Engineers need to design the above structures with considerable margins to ensure their ability to withstand icing and windy conditions [38].…”

Section: Atmospheric Ice Accretion On Outdoor Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured metal surfaces and their passivation for superhydrophobic and anti-icing applications =

Safaee¹

2008

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“…Data for 2000-2016 indicate electrical power outages in the USA caused by snow/ice build-up last an average of 3-4 d and can affect >200 000 customers [9]. Concurrent and subsequent high wind speeds are important compounding factors in the damage and loss estimates, as well as for wind loads on iced electrical transmission structures, that are considered in design criteria scale with the diameter of ice accumulated and the square of the wind speed [10]. Further, while mechanical and chemical de-icing techniques exist for flat, paved surfaces (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the compound hazard of freezing rain and wind gusts across CONUS

Coburn,

Barthelmie,

Pryor

2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The co-occurrence of freezing rain, ice accumulation and wind gusts (FZG) poses a significant hazard to infrastructure and transportation. However, quantification of the frequency and intensity of FZG is challenged by the lack of direct icing measurements. In this work, we evaluate and then apply an energy balance model to high-frequency data collected during 2005-2022 to derive hourly ice accumulation at 883 stations across the contiguous USA. These estimates are combined with wind gust observations to compute time series of hourly FZG hazard magnitude using the Sperry-Piltz Ice Accumulation (SPIA) index. Results are evaluated using Storm Reports of damage and economic disruption. The hourly SPIA estimates are also used to (i) derive a geospatial atlas of the hazard including the 50-year return period event intensities for each US state derived using superstations, and (ii) describe storylines of significant events in terms of meteorological drivers and socioeconomic impacts. The highest values of SPIA during the 18-year study period occur in a region extending from the Southern Great Plains over the Midwest into the densely populated Northeast. States in these regions also have high 50-year return period maximum radial ice accumulation of 3-5 cm and co-occurring wind gusts > 30 ms-1. These values are comparable to past estimates for the 500-year event which may imply this hazard has been previously underestimated. This atlas can be used to inform optimal FZG hazard mitigation strategies for each state/region. 

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Design of Transmission Lines for Atmospheric Icing

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Study of unusual atmospheric icing at Mount Zao, Japan, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model

Study of unusual atmospheric icing at Mount Zao, Japan, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model

Nanostructured metal surfaces and their passivation for superhydrophobic and anti-icing applications =

Quantifying the compound hazard of freezing rain and wind gusts across CONUS

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