This study aims to improve the mechanical earthquake-resistance ability of high-rise buildings’ steel structures so that their safety performance is improved and their service life is prolonged. The simulation experiments on the response of the staggered truss steel structure are conducted in high-rise buildings to earthquake energy waves. First, MATLAB is used to build an experimental platform for earthquake-resistance evaluation of high-rise residential buildings. Through the high-rise building model training, it is found that the model meets the needs of the study. Second, the earthquake-resistance performance parameters, deformation recovery capacity, and dynamic response speed of the staggered truss steel structure are simulated and tested. After earthquake energy waves with different intensities are posed on the high-rise building model, the performance parameters of the staggered truss structure are tested, and the changes in the parameters of the structure are analyzed. Finally, the earthquake-resistance performance and post-earthquake recovery ability of the staggered truss structure are tested through comparative analysis. The results show that the interlayer displacement fluctuation of the staggered truss steel structure is the smallest, and the earthquake resistance performance is better than others under the energy waves of all kinds of earthquakes. Although its earthquake-resistance ability decreases with the duration of earthquakes, the reduction speed is slow. When the quake lasts 12 s, the resistance of the staggered truss structure is still greater than 2500 MPa. This study provides a reference for the staggered truss structure of high-rise buildings.