Design of two‐dimensional FIR filters with quadrantally symmetric properties using the 2D<i>L</i><sub>1</sub>‐method

Aggarwal, Apoorva; Kumar, Manjeet; Rawat, Tarun Kumar

doi:10.1049/iet-spr.2018.5353

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some very recent papers have approached various advanced design techniques for 2D FIR and IIR filters [15][16][17][18][19][20]. A low-complexity 2D FIR filter implementation based on a Farrow structure is proposed in [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Design of Gaussian Anisotropic 2D FIR Filters and Their Implementation Using the Block Filtering Approach

Matei,

Chiper

2024

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work proposes an analytical design procedure for a particular class of 2D filters, namely anisotropic Gaussian FIR filters. The design is achieved in the frequency domain and starts from a low-pass Gaussian 1D prototype with imposed specifications, whose frequency response is efficiently approximated by a factored trigonometric polynomial using the Chebyshev series. Then, using specific 1D to 2D frequency mappings applied to the prototype, the frequency response for a 2D anisotropic filter with a specified orientation angle is directly derived in two versions, namely with a straight or elliptical shape in the frequency plane. The resulting filters have an accurate shape with low distortion. Several design examples for specified parameters (angle and selectivity) are provided. Then, simulations of directional filtering on various test images are given, which show their capability of extracting oriented lines or other various oriented objects from synthetic or real-life images. Finally, a computationally efficient implementation at the system level is proposed, based on a polyphase decomposition and block-filtering approach, which yields a 2D filter with a high degree of parallelism and low arithmetic complexity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Design of Gaussian Anisotropic 2D FIR Filters and Their Implementation Using the Block Filtering Approach

Matei,

Chiper

2024

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another single input processing-based quadrantal symmetry is implemented using the 2-D L 1 -technique to minimize the filter coefficients and hardware blocks. 9 Recently, Chowdari et al [24][25][26] have proposed efficient implementation of DA based adaptive filter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of distributed arithmetic-based symmetrical 2-D block finite impulse response filter architectures

Chowdari Ch,

Seventline

2023

F1000Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: This paper presents an efficient two-dimensional (2-D) finite impulse response (FIR) filter using block processing for two different symmetries. Architectures for a general filter (without symmetry) and two symmetrical filters (diagonal and quadrantal symmetry) are implemented. The proposed architectures need fewer multipliers because of the symmetry of the filter coefficients. Methods: A distributed arithmetic (DA)- based multiplication method is used in the proposed architecture. A dual-port memory-based lookup table (DP-MLUT) is used in the multiplication instead of lookup-table (LUT) to reduce the area and power of the FIR filter. The filter's throughput is increased by using block processing. Memory reuse and memory sharing methods are introduced, which reduces the need for many registers and hence the circuit complexity. The architectures are written in Verilog Hardware Description Language and synthesized using Genus Synthesis tool-19.1 in 45nm technology with a generic library of Cadence vendor constraints. The synthesis tool generates the area, delay, and power reports. Power consumption of architectures is calculated with an image size of 64 X 64 and at 20 MHz frequency. Results: Compared to existing architectures, the synthesis results show improvements in power, area, area delay product (ADP), and power delay product (PDP). The proposed MLUT-based 2-D block Quadrantal Symmetry Filter (QSF) for length 8 with block size 4 consumes 58.94% less power, occupies 59.5% less area, 48.44% less ADP and 47.78% less PDP compared to best existing methods. Conclusions: A novel DA-based 2-D block FIR filter architecture with various symmetries is realized. Symmetry is incorporated into the filter coefficients to minimize the number of multipliers. The LUT size is optimized by odd multiples or even multiples storage techniques. Also, the overall area of the architecture is decreased by DP-LUT-based multipliers. The proposed filter architecture is area-power-efficient. It is best suited for applications that have fixed coefficients.

show abstract

“…In the paper, 5 exact circular symmetric contour‐based wideband 2‐D FIR filters are composed and explained using appropriate modifications in the Park–McClellan transformation technique. The fractional derivative constraints (FDCs)‐based and 2‐D L 1 method‐based quadrantal symmetric filters are represented by Aggarwal et al 6,7 Recently, Yadav et al 8 proposed an optimized 2‐D FIR filter‐based differentiator adopting a vortex search algorithm with quadrantal odd symmetry in the coefficients. The above‐stated works are exclusively converged on the design of the 2‐D FIR filters, but no architecture exploration is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient VLSI architecture of 2‐D finite impulse response filter using enhanced approximate compressor circuits

Odugu

C²,

2021

Circuit Theory & Apps

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The very large‐scale integration (VLSI) design‐based architectures of 2‐D filters must have low power consumption and high speed rather than accuracy for image processing applications. The inexact computations reduce the delay, area, and power in arithmetic architectures, and utilizing this advantage an approximation can be introduced in 2‐D digital filters. In this work, circular symmetry is adopted to optimize the 2‐D finite impulse response (FIR) filter architecture, and it is implemented using imprecise multipliers and approximate compressors with acceptable accuracy. The exact 4:2 compressor is modified into an approximate 4:2 compressor by ignoring few inputs. Hence, hardware requirement and delay parameters are improved. The proposed compressor is designed by mixed logic rather than complete complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic. The dual value logic (DVL), transmission gate logic (TGL), and CMOS mixed logic gates are used to decrease the number of transistors in the circuits. The proposed compressors are used in the approximate Dadda multiplier (ADM). The ADMs are utilized to implement the 2‐D FIR filter architecture. The designed filter is coded in Verilog and implemented using field programmable gate array (FPGA). The hardware utilization is analyzed and compared with exact 2‐D FIR filters. Next, the proposed architecture is synthesized using Cadence genus tools, and physical design is carried out by Cadence Innovus tools in 45‐nm CMOS technology. The final physical design layout‐area, power, and delay reports are correlated with existing state‐of‐artworks. It is found that the proposed 2‐D FIR filter outperforms the existing works.

show abstract

Design of two‐dimensional FIR filters with quadrantally symmetric properties using the 2DL₁‐method

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Analytical Design of Gaussian Anisotropic 2D FIR Filters and Their Implementation Using the Block Filtering Approach

Analytical Design of Gaussian Anisotropic 2D FIR Filters and Their Implementation Using the Block Filtering Approach

Implementation of distributed arithmetic-based symmetrical 2-D block finite impulse response filter architectures

An efficient VLSI architecture of 2‐D finite impulse response filter using enhanced approximate compressor circuits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Design of two‐dimensional FIR filters with quadrantally symmetric properties using the 2DL1‐method

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Analytical Design of Gaussian Anisotropic 2D FIR Filters and Their Implementation Using the Block Filtering Approach

Analytical Design of Gaussian Anisotropic 2D FIR Filters and Their Implementation Using the Block Filtering Approach

Implementation of distributed arithmetic-based symmetrical 2-D block finite impulse response filter architectures

An efficient VLSI architecture of 2‐D finite impulse response filter using enhanced approximate compressor circuits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Design of two‐dimensional FIR filters with quadrantally symmetric properties using the 2DL₁‐method