Design of ultra-low-cost UHF RFID tags for supply chain applications

Glidden, R.; Bockorick, C.; Cooper, Sharp; Diorio, C.; Dressler, D.; Gutnik, V. G.; Hagen, Christoph; Hara, D.; Hass, T.; Humes, T.; Hyde, Julian; Oliver, Ramón Serna; Onen, O.; Pesavento, A.; Sundstrom, K.; Thomas, M.

doi:10.1109/mcom.2004.1321406

Cited by 216 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Like many other properties for random geometric graphs, both connectivity and rigidity have transition phenomena. It can be seen that r g lies between r 3 and r 6 and is closer to r 3 . This observation reflects the theoretical conclusion that 3-connectivity is a necessary condition while 6-connectivity is a sufficient one for global rigidity [75] .…”

Section: Conditions For Network Localizabilitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For example, pervasive medical care is designed to accurately record and manage patient movements [1][2] ; smart space enables the interaction between physical space and human activities [3][4] ; modern logistics has major concerns on goods transportation, inventory, and warehousing [5][6] ; environmental monitoring networks sense air, water, and soil quality and detect the source of pollutants in real time [7][8][9][10][11] ; and mobile peer-to-peer computing encourages content sharing and contributing among mobile hosts in the vicinity [12][13] . In brief, location-based service (LBS) is a key enabling technology of these applications and widely exists in nowadays wireless communication networks from the short-range Bluetooth to the long-range telecommunication networks, as illustrated in Fig.1.…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Location, Localization, and Localizability

Liu

Yang

Wang

et al. 2010

J. Comput. Sci. Technol.

268

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Location-aware technology spawns numerous unforeseen pervasive applications in a wide range of living, production, commence, and public services. This article provides an overview of the location, localization, and localizability issues of wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. Making data geographically meaningful, location information is essential for many applications, and it deeply aids a number of network functions, such as network routing, topology control, coverage, boundary detection, clustering, etc. We investigate a large body of existing localization approaches with focuses on error control and network localizability, the two rising aspects that attract significant research interests in recent years. Error control aims to alleviate the negative impact of noisy ranging measurement and the error accumulation effect during cooperative localization process. Network localizability provides theoretical analysis on the performance of localization approaches, providing guidance on network configuration and adjustment. We emphasize the basic principles of localization to understand the state-of-the-art and to address directions of future research in the new and largely open areas of location-aware technologies.Keywords location-based services (LBS), localization, error control, localizability, wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks LocationThe proliferation of wireless and mobile devices has fostered the demand for context-aware applications, in which location is viewed as one of the most significant contexts. For example, pervasive medical care is designed to accurately record and manage patient movements [1][2] ; smart space enables the interaction between physical space and human activities [3][4] ; modern logistics has major concerns on goods transportation, inventory, and warehousing [5][6] ; environmental monitoring networks sense air, water, and soil quality and detect the source of pollutants in real time [7][8][9][10][11] ; and mobile peer-to-peer computing encourages content sharing and contributing among mobile hosts in the vicinity [12][13] . In brief, location-based service (LBS) is a key enabling technology of these applications and widely exists in nowadays wireless communication networks from the short-range Bluetooth to the long-range telecommunication networks, as illustrated in Fig.1.Recent technological advances have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, and multifunctional sensor devices. These nodes are autonomous devices with integrated sensing, processing, and communication capabilities. With the rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), location information becomes critically essential and indispensable. The overwhelming reason is that WSNs are fundamentally intended to provide information on spatial-temporal characteristics of the physical world; hence, it is important to associate sensed data with locations, making data geographically meaningful. For example, a number of applications, such as object tracking and environment monitoring, inherently rely on loc...

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Section: Conditions For Network Localizabilitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location, Localization, and Localizability

Liu

Yang

Wang

et al. 2010

J. Comput. Sci. Technol.

268

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Reading/writing process is the most significant factor for low-power RFID transponders EEPROM [5][6]. The power of the EEPROM SA must be low to increase RFID reading speed [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Low Supply Voltage Voltage Type Sense Amplifier with Low Current Consumption for RFID Transponder

et al. 2013

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Original scientific paperCurrent or voltage-type sense amplifier (SA) is the key element for sensing process of RFID transponder EEP-ROM. The performance of the EEPROM is influenced by the SA features like memory access time, power dissipation and the reliability. However, larger current or power dissipation put limitations on using current type SA with respect to voltage type SA. A low voltage SA with lower current consumption is presented in this research work, which is compatible with the low power applications like RFID transponder EEPROM. In this research, 0.18µm process is employed to design the low voltage SA with lower power consumption. The simulated results of the output showed that voltage type SA is able to operate under a low power supply voltage (VDD). In addition, only 32 µA current is dissipated by the modified voltage type SA during read period. Moreover, the proposed voltage type SA provides better reliability than the circuits presented in other research papers. Key words: Transponder, EEPROM, RFID, Sense amplifierDizajn i implementacija naponskog mjernog pojačala za RFID transponder s niskim naponom napajanja i malom potrošnjom struje. Strujno ili naponsko mjerno pojačalo (MP) je ključni element očitanja RFID transpondera s EEPROM-om. Na učinak EEPROM-a utječu svojstva pojačala kao što su vrijeme pristupa memoriji, energetski gubici i pouzdanost. Veliki gubici struje i energije ograničavaju mogućnost korištenja strujnog mjernog pojačala u odnosu na naponsko. U ovom radu prikazano je niskonaponsko mjerno pojačalo s malom potrošnjom energije koje je prikladno za korištenje kod RFID transpondera s EEPROM-om. Koristi se proces od 0.18µm za dizajniranje niskonaponskog pojačala male potrošnje. Simulacije izlaznog napona su pokazale da naponsko mjerno pojačalo može raditi s niskim naponom napajanja. Tijekom vremena očitanja na modificiranom naponskom pojačalu troši se samo 32µA struje. Predloženo naponsko mjerno pojačalo ima bolju pouzdanost od onih prikazanih u drugimčlancima.

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“…Encryption approaches (Golle, 2004;Feldhofer, 2004;Ranasinghe, 2004;Ateniese, 2005) are similar to digital signature approaches except simplified private key standard or propriertay cryptographic algorithm is used. Time stamping approaches (Glidden, 2004;Molnar ,2005;Tsudik, 2006;Ith, 2007) are the most popular approaches which provide a dynamic matching of time information that help avoiding replay attacks. Pseudonyms approaches (Juels, 2004; Juel, 2006;Molnar, 2005;Avoine, 2005) is very similar to time stamping approaches except the dynamic information is scheduled from a predefined list of pseudo-random data called pseudonynms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Forward Secrecy Protocol for Next Generation EPCGlogal Tag

Cheng¹,

Cheng²

2009

Development and Implementation of RFID Technology

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IntroductionRadio Frequency Identification (RFID) (Landt, 2001) is a prevalent technology that replaces barcode technology and it will be massively applied in both consumer and commercial products as the trend predicts. However, the computation power and memory of RFID including the EPCGlobal Gen-1 and Gen-2 RFID tags are restricted. These made the implementation of well-known cryptographic algorithms, both computational and memory intensive, on the tags not possible. Although various cryptographic privacy enhancing technologies for RFID have been proposed, they include Hash-lock approaches, Digital Signature approaches, Encryption approaches, Time Stamping approaches, Pseudonyms approaches and Challenge-response approaches, the EPCGlobal tags continue to operate in a limited security protection. The Hash-lock approach (Weis, 2003) is based on locking the tag using a hash of the key on the tag, where the key is stored in a back-end server. This approach assumes that tags can not be operated securely in a long isolated environment. This approach can be used for authentication, by matching the right hash of key. The cloning resistance is weak and enhanced techniques providing better privacy protection and scalability have been derived (An, 2005;Nohara, 2005; Wang, 2007). Digital signatures approaches (Juels, 2003;Bono, 2005;de Dormale, 2005) provide better tracing and forgery resistance of RFID during authentication process. The approaches use a PKI encryption technique to avoid static identifiers and information to be read by others. Authentication is performed by verifying data on the tag is signed using a valid public-key digital signature to check the valididty of authentication. Encryption approaches (Golle, 2004;Feldhofer, 2004;Ranasinghe, 2004;Ateniese, 2005) are similar to digital signature approaches except simplified private key standard or propriertay cryptographic algorithm is used. Time stamping approaches (Glidden, 2004;Molnar ,2005;Tsudik, 2006;Ith, 2007) are the most popular approaches which provide a dynamic matching of time information that help avoiding replay attacks. Pseudonyms approaches (Juels, 2004; Juel, 2006;Molnar, 2005;Avoine, 2005) is very similar to time stamping approaches except the dynamic information is scheduled from a predefined list of pseudo-random data called pseudonynms. Challenge-response approaches (Ree , 2005; Dimitriou, 2006;Duc, 2006;Chien, 2007) are the most secured techniques developed from multi-pass authentication process to provide a wide range of security and privacy protection.Open Access Database www.intechweb.org In actual situation, EPCGlogal Gen 1 (Garcia-Alfaro et al, 2008) tag implementation uses protocols that only require RFID readers to use the tags' unique serial numbers to identify the tags. Tags with the same ID will certainly confuse the reader. Gen 2 rectifies this problem by allowing reader to read tags even if two or more tags have the exact IDs. The unique sequence of communication makes anti-collision algorithm more robust and reduce the possibi...

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Design of ultra-low-cost UHF RFID tags for supply chain applications

Cited by 216 publications

References 3 publications

Location, Localization, and Localizability

Location, Localization, and Localizability

Design and Implementation of a Low Supply Voltage Voltage Type Sense Amplifier with Low Current Consumption for RFID Transponder

An Improved Forward Secrecy Protocol for Next Generation EPCGlogal Tag

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