Design of ultrasensitive bisphenol A–aptamer based on platinum nanoparticles loading to polyethyleneimine-functionalized carbon nanotubes

Endocrine disrupting chemicals in water and recent advances on their detection using electrochemical biosensors

“…181 Porous three-dimensional graphene (3D-GN) can evenly load functional substances (e.g., Cu and Fe 3 O 4 ) to prevent them from aggregation owing to their surface energy. 174 Derikvandi et al 140 used polyethyleneimine (PEI) to offer a similar microenvironment for the immobilization of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). Another purpose of increasing the surface area is to provide sufficient space for the functionalization of biorecognition elements and hence to enhance selectivity and specificity.…”

Advances in Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials

“…To some extent, the tradition of application of metal oxides appeared from other examples of aptasensing that employed fluorescence signal (carbon and metal nanodots, graphene nanoflakes) or magnetic separation of biochemical reactants in conventional immunoassay (ferromagnetic species). Explaining the need in such auxiliary components of the CNTs layer, the authors refer to their strong mechanical, magnetic, semiconductor and other properties [135,[149][150][151] that make sense in other protocols of signal measurement and are then transferred to the area of "pure" electrochemical analysis. In many cases, such a strategy works, but the results should depend on the size distribution of both CNTs and no-conductive electrochemical inactive components.…”

High-Performance Voltammetric Aptasensing Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of Bisphenol A as an Environmental Pollutant

“…Aptamers are single-stranded DNAs or RNAs selected by SELEX technology (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) and can be assembled straightforwardly and are easily accessible (Röthlisberger and Hollenstein, 2018;Villalonga et al, 2020). Additionally, their high specificity and vigorous affinity toward corresponding targets, aptamers can be effortlessly modified through the incorporation of a wide range of functional groups, making them perfectly suitable for a variety of applications (Chen and Yang, 2015;Derikvandi et al, 2016;Ye et al, 2017). Generally, biosensing detection platforms with their substantial specificity and cost-effectiveness offer reliable substitutes to the conventional analytical assays.…”