Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy

Abstract

Virus-based nanomaterials are versatile materials that naturally self-assemble and have relevance for a broad range of applications including medicine, biotechnology, and energy. This review provides an overview of recent developments in “chemical virology.” Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.

Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Filled Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composites: Effect of Shapes and Filler Loadings with Random Orientation

“…This is an advantage of the nano size use compared to micro or macro size for producing biocomposite. Accordingly, nanotechnology recently has become a popular approach in various areas of technology such as material construction, automotive, and other applications (Pacheco-Torgal and Jalali 2011;Pereira and Coelho 2015;Wen and Steinmetz 2016). Results from the current study show that incorporation of nano powder OPEFB into recycled ABS was superior in terms of the impact strength of the biocomposites, compared with long fibers.…”

Potato virus X, a filamentous plant viral nanoparticle for doxorubicin delivery in cancer therapy

“…20,21 Additionally, plant VNPs are biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-pathogenic in mammals. The proteinaceous scaffold is amenable to chemical and genetic modification, thus allowing the programmable engineering as a drug carrier.…”

Controlling supramolecular polymerization through multicomponent self‐assembly

“…[176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185] Due to the focus on spherical structures, virus capsids with an icosahedral geometry have been used extensively as containers to encapsulate and delivery cargo material. [186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] Icosahedral capsids are assembled according to the Caspar-Klug quasiequivalence theory in which 60N subunits are symmetrically arranged as pentamers and hexamers to form the final icosahedron, where N is the triangulation (T) number. The smallest icosahedral virus is composed of 60 protein subunits arranged as 12 pentamers to form a T 5 1 capsid assembly.…”