“…In the mid 1990s, after the first popular applications of a GA [20,151], there was a swing towards stochastic methods and they dominate the field since (see Figure 4). A great range of those methods has been applied to optimise design of WDSs to date, inclusive of (but not limited to) a GA [42,45,50,85,86,[152][153][154], fmGA [88], non-crossover dither creeping mutation-based GA (CMBGA) [149], adaptive locally constrained GA (ALCO-GA) [155], SA [60], shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) [103], ACO [104,156], shuffled complex evolution (SCE) [157], harmony search (HS) [105,158,159], particle swarm HS (PSHS) [160], parameter setting free HS (PSF HS) [161], combined cuckoo-HS algorithm (CSHS) [162], particle swarm optimisation (PSO) [106,153,154], improved PSO (IPSO) [163], accelerated momentum PSO (AMPSO) [164], integer discrete PSO (IDPSO) [165], newly developed swarm-based optimisation (DSO) algorithm [150], scatter search (SS) [166], CE [61,62], immune algorithm (IA) [167], heuristic-based algorithm (HBA) [168], memetic algorithm (MA) [107], genetic heritage evolution by stochastic transmission (GHEST) [169], honey bee mating optimisation (HBMO) …”