Design Overview Of Processor Based Implantable Pacemaker

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char;" align="left"><span class="text"><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; font-size: 9pt;">Implantable pacemaker is a battery operated real time embedded system, which includes software/hardware codesign strategy. As it is placed within the heart by surgery, battery life is an important constraint to extend device lifetime. In this paper, pacemaker’s functionalities like basic pacing, pulse width, refractory period in VOO mode has been realized using ultralow power processor MSP 430F1611 and IAR workbench. Software related instruction level instantaneous current is measured and Current/Energy performance, battery longevity is tested. It is verified that, change in pure cost and interinstruction cost (current/Energy) varies from 2.0 to 3.0 %. This methodology seems to be an innovative concept in software related energy estimation of such power critical real time system.</span></span><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; font-size: 9pt;"></span></p&gt

Attack Graph Modeling for Implantable Pacemaker

“…Next, the amplified signal is filtered using a second order low pass filter, and the result is an appropriate electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. This signal is then applied to a comparator which compares it to a defined threshold to detect the heartbeat event executed by the heart and generates a pulse with every heartbeat using a pulse generator [34]. The wireless pacemakers are embedded with a micro-antenna to enable wireless communication with the home monitoring device and the programmer [35].…”

Cyber-Attacks on Medical Implants: A Case Study of Cardiac Pacemaker Vulnerability

“…Pacemaker is in fact, a real time computer-controlled system with predefined tasks precedence. A low-power, robust microcontroller interfaced with required memory space is chosen as the core component of this intelligent machine [19]. Effectively, a cardiac pacemaker is composed of an implantable pulse generator (IPG) connected to leads (cathode/anode).…”