“…For IEC 61499-based applications (IEC, 2011), common solutions and guidelines were proposed for hierarchical automation solutions (Zoitl and Prähofer, 2013), failure management (Serna et al, 2010) and portable automation projects (Dubinin and Vyatkin, 2012). Even software design patterns for IEC 61499 programs, e.g., Distributed Application, Proxy and Model-View-Controller, were defined (Christensen, 2000) and evaluated (Strömman et al, 2005).…”