Design, performance trends, and exergy efficiency of the Brazilian passenger vehicle fleet: 1970–2020

Mosquim, Rafael Fernandes; Mady, Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125788

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Regarding the applications of exergy analysis, Mosquim et al [ 10 ] quantified the destruction of exergy and exergy efficiency of the state of São Paulo (Southeast Brazil) as 28.3% and 12%, respectively, for the residential sector. These authors also verified that the exergy efficiency of the transportation sector since the 1970s was never over 10% [ 11 ]. Mosquim et al [ 12 ] verified the effect of performance and efficiency tradeoffs, and the availability to obtain a more efficient sector when policy makers revise some restrictions or make accurate encouragements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Adressing Energy Demand and Climate Change through the Second Law of Thermodynamics and LCA towards a Rational Use of Energy in Brazilian Households

Pereira

Carvalho

Mady

2022

Entropy

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This study focuses on a typical Brazilian household through the lens of sustainable development, regarding energy demand and GHG emissions. The analysis encompasses both the direct and indirect energy, exergy consumption, and GHG emissions (quantified by life cycle assessment) associated with the usual routine of a household. The household is modeled as a thermodynamic system to evaluate inputs (food, electricity, fuels for transportation) and outputs (solid and liquid residues). The hypothesis is that each input and output contains CO2,eq emissions and exergy derived from its physical-chemical characteristics or production chains. Each household appliance is modeled and tested as a function of external parameters. The contribution of several industries was obtained to the total GHG emissions and exergy flows entering and exiting the household (e.g., fuels for transportation, food, gas, electricity, wastewater treatment, solid waste). It was verified that urban transportation was the flow with the highest GHG and exergy intensity, ranging between 1.49 and 7.53 kgCO2,eq/day and achieving 94.7 MJ/day, almost five times higher than the calculated exergy demand due to electricity. The second largest flow in GHG emissions was food due to the characteristics of the production chains, ranging from 1.6 to 4.75 kgCO2,eq/day, depending on the adopted diet. On the other hand, the electricity presented low GHG emissions due to the main energy sources used to generate electricity, only 0.52 kgCO2,eq/day. Moreover, the chemical exergy of the solid waste was 9.7 MJ/day, and is not irrelevant compared to the other flows, representing an interesting improvement opportunity as it is entirely wasted in the baseline scenario.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Adressing Energy Demand and Climate Change through the Second Law of Thermodynamics and LCA towards a Rational Use of Energy in Brazilian Households

Pereira

Carvalho

Mady

2022

Entropy

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“…Moreover, a specific analysis of taxis and app drivers that use vehicles in situations of higher efficiency would be a direction for future analysis. Herein, some pieces of information call for policymakers to create additional incentives for the Brazilian scenario; there is a need to understand the final use and operational factors of the vehicle, such as distance, traffic condition, weight, and usage, among others, as shown by [27,29,30]. 6 and 7, it is possible to find a quite high discrepancy between E22 and E100 energy efficiencies.…”

Section: Results For Ftp75 and Highway Cycles For The Brazilian Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall forces found in an automobile can be seen in Figure 2 and are defined through Newton's second law, Equation (1), resulting in Equation (2). This section is a logical continuance of the outcomes presented by [29,30].…”

Section: Vehicle Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Energy, Exergy, and Emissions Analyses of Internal Combustion Engines and Battery Electric Vehicles for the Brazilian Energy Mix

Feliciano,

Rovai,

Mady

2023

Energies

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Exergy is a thermodynamic concept that ponders the quality of energy. It evaluates the irreversibilities of a machine, demonstrating its capacity to perform work associated with energy conversion. This article focuses on directing public policies and vehicle development toward their most proper usage worldwide. In the urban mobility scenario, there is an obvious demand to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, the internal combustion engine (ICE) experiences considerable energy losses through heat exchange through the radiator and exhaust flow gases, which are not considerable in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) since there are no exhaust gases subsequent to combustion, nor combustion itself. This work presents longitudinal dynamics simulations of passenger vehicles to understand the magnitude of exergy destruction in ICEVs and BEVs, considering the Brazilian and European Union electric energy mix. Overall, the method can be applied to any other country. The simulation and model parameters were configured to match production road vehicles commercialized in the Brazilian market based on different versions of the same model. Two vehicle dynamic duty cycles were used, one relating to urban usage and another to highway usage, resulting in an overall exergy efficiency of around 50–51% for BEVs considering the exergy destruction in power plants. In contrast, ICE has an average efficiency of 20% in the urban cycle and around 30% in the highway cycle. By comparing the overall equivalent CO2 emissions, it is possible to conclude that EVs in the European energy matrix produce more GHG than ICE vehicles running on ethanol in Brazil. Nevertheless, there are increasing uses of coal, natural gas, and oil thermal electric power plants, raising the question of how the transition may occur with a general increase in electrification since there is an increasing electric expenditure in all sectors of society, and the renewable energy plants may not meet all of the demand.

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“…The FFE is specially designed to operate on one or more fuel blends such as gasoline and ethanol 39 . Compared to gasoline, ethanol blends have different chemical compositions, higher anti‐knocking characteristics, and lower heating values that require a modification of FFE systems and their materials 40 .…”

Section: Flexible Fuel Engine Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FFE is specially designed to operate on one or more fuel blends such as gasoline and ethanol. 39 Compared to gasoline, ethanol blends have different chemical compositions, higher anti-knocking characteristics, and lower heating values that require a modification of FFE systems and their materials. 40 To ensure fuel flexibility, a few SI engine vehicular systems and their materials need to be changed to adopt FFE technology as shown in Figure 4 to extend the life of components and attain the maximum power output.…”

Section: Flexible Fuel Engine Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

Azhaganathan

Ashok

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Ethanol‐powered spark ignition (SI) engines have the potential to mitigate the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and exhaust emissions. However, the successful promotion of ethanol is hindered due to the restriction of fuel blend diversity and design features in the conventional SI engine. The fuel flexibility can be overcome by the use of flex‐fuel engine (FFE) technology with appropriate changes in engine design features for a wide range of ethanol blends. The understanding of FFE based on various technical aspects has greater potential in the automotive sector. Therefore, this review paper provides a holistic approach to critically analyze the various technical aspects of FFE. In this work, the application of ethanol blends on FFE output characteristics is reviewed critically considering the effects of engine operating conditions and parameters. Further, the impact of ethanol blends on material compatibility, cold starting characteristics, and unregulated emissions are analyzed. The outcome of the study shows that combustion and performance characteristics such as cylinder pressure(CP), heat release rate (HRR), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are improved in FFE operation due to the clean‐burning characteristics of ethanol blends. Also, carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased without any significant improvement in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions with a wide range of ethanol shares in FFE. Finally, this study summarizes the present status of research in FFE and creates a route towards the direction of multidisciplinary research need in the future that supports the application of different types of biofuels in FFE.

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Design, performance trends, and exergy efficiency of the Brazilian passenger vehicle fleet: 1970–2020

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Adressing Energy Demand and Climate Change through the Second Law of Thermodynamics and LCA towards a Rational Use of Energy in Brazilian Households

Adressing Energy Demand and Climate Change through the Second Law of Thermodynamics and LCA towards a Rational Use of Energy in Brazilian Households

Energy, Exergy, and Emissions Analyses of Internal Combustion Engines and Battery Electric Vehicles for the Brazilian Energy Mix

Critical review on recent progress of ethanol fuelled flex‐fuel engine characteristics

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