Design principles of chemiluminescence (CL) chemodosimeter for self-signaling detection: luminol protective approach

Abstract

Chemiluminescence (CL) sensors can provide convenience and high sensitivity because they do not require an external excitation light source to produce a fluorescence signal. However, most CL based detection systems do not have a built-in self-signaling process, leading to inefficient and complex protocols due to the required multistep cascade reactions. Here, we develop a CL based sensory system with a built-in self-signaling feature by adapting the chemodosimeter concept. We found that a masking group incorporated to luminol efficiently suppresses the CL of luminol and that selective removal of the masking group by a target analyte can turn on the CL process, generating a sensitive fluorescence turnon signal. Through systematic studies on newly devised TBS-luminol and TIPS-luminol, we optimized the molecular design parameters to achieve a highly sensitive and selective CL chemodosimeter. The optimized conditions rendered highly sensitive (Limit of Detection (LOD) ¼ 18 nM) and selective fluoride sensing in aqueous environments. We anticipate that our new sensor system offers an efficient way to achieve highly sensitive, selective, and convenient CL turn-on detection of various important analytes.

A Guanidine-Based Superbase as Efficient Chemiluminescence Booster

“…2) resulted in a notable change from a colorless to a yellow solution, which is associated with a decrease in the absorption band at 295 nm and 357 nm and simultaneous appearance of new bands at 329 nm and 370 nm. These observations are consistent with the formation of the luminol-mono-anion species 44 , suggesting that no mono-anions are formed in the presence of TBD < 5.0 eq. This behaviour is in agreement with the results from the CL emission measurements (see Supplementary Fig.…”

A new NiS nanoparticle‐enhanced chemiluminescence method for determination of cephalexin in pharmaceuticals and spiked human serum

“…These results are an explicit confirmation of the involvement of ROS in the CL mechanism (Figure S1). Considering literature data [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] as well as our Ni NPs [43] :…”

Ultrasound-Enhanced Chemiluminescence for Bioimaging

“…Masking or structural modification of this heterocyclic ring (Jancinová et al, 2017) results in a complete loss of these chemiluminescent properties (Dodeigne et al, 2000). Kwon et al (2014) took advantage of this property to develop a CL chemodosimeter, in which a masking group was incorporated to prevent formation of the α-hydroxyperoxide intermediate, thereby preventing CL. When the masking group was selectively removed using a target analyte, the CL could be turned on to get a highly selective and sensitive signal (Kwon et al, 2014).…”

“…Kwon et al (2014) took advantage of this property to develop a CL chemodosimeter, in which a masking group was incorporated to prevent formation of the α-hydroxyperoxide intermediate, thereby preventing CL. When the masking group was selectively removed using a target analyte, the CL could be turned on to get a highly selective and sensitive signal (Kwon et al, 2014). CL is emitted solely due to the presence of oxygen and a strong base in an aprotic media such as DMSO, while protic solvents are capable of oxidizing luminol derivatives only with the assistance of either enzymes or mineral catalyst (Giussani et al, 2019).…”