Design Principles of Waste Stabilization Ponds

Thirumurthi, D.

doi:10.1061/jsedai.0000952

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…L f is adjusted based on the phenomenon found in Muttamara and Puetpaiboon [22], that is, an increase in baffle number would lead to an increase in total biofilm biomass but a decrease in biofilm thickness. θ is the temperature coefficient, with Mara [32] and Thirumurthi [33] calculating the value of θ as 1.05 and 1.036, respectively, and this is used for adjusting k fa and k fs . All equations are summarized in the Supplementary Material in Table S1.…”

Section: Application Of First-order Kinetics To Determine the Contrib...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Attached Growth on Treatment Performance in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Lian

Coggins

Hay

et al. 2022

Water

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Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) rely upon natural biochemical reactions for treatment and are used widely across the world. However, WSPs often fail to meet treatment performance expectations due to insufficient hydraulic performance. Installation of baffles can improve hydraulic performance of WSPs by increasing the mean residence time, reducing dead zones, and short circuiting, thus improving pond treatment performance. Theoretically, baffles with the ability to sustain attached growth will increase the possible attachment area of microorganisms and further contribute to nutrient removal. However, to date there have been no full-scale studies exploring attached growth baffles in WSPs. The main objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the effect of attached growth baffles on WSP treatment performance, specifically in terms of improvements in treatment performance provided by attached biofilm compared with hydraulic improvement. A first-order kinetic model was used to predict biological oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiency, including suspended and biofilm biomass reactions, to determine whether attached growth or hydraulics had the most influence on performance improvement. At the operational WSP scale, we found that although the presence of attached growth on baffles results in a modest (~0.6%) improvement in treatment performance, the most influential factor for improving treatment was improved hydraulics (~5.3%). In model generalization, the change in biofilm thickness and biofilm area had less effect on treatment in WSPs in higher organic loading scenarios; however, a considerable improvement (~12%) in treatment efficiency could be achieved by doubling the total biofilm area. Overall, this study shows that baffles can not only improve WSP hydraulics but can also be used as a medium for increasing biofilm area to improve WSP biological treatment efficiency.

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Section: Application Of First-order Kinetics To Determine the Contrib...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Attached Growth on Treatment Performance in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Lian

Coggins

Hay

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Marais and Shaw created a Pond equation that included first-order kinetics reaction with completely mixed circumstances (Spellman & Drinan, 2014). Designers may also utilize this equation for aerobic pond design: Epa, 2011;Thirumurthi, 1974). Where C n is the effluent BOD 5 concentration in mille grams per liter; Co is the incoming BOD 5 concentration in mille grams per liter; k c is the first-order reaction rate of the complete mixture flow, t n is the hydraulic residence time in each cell, in days; and n is the number of pond cells of the same size.…”

Section: Design Of Oxidation Ponds As Chemical Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where C n is the effluent BOD 5 concentration in mille grams per liter; Co is the incoming BOD 5 concentration in mille grams per liter; k c is the first-order reaction rate of the complete mixture flow, t n is the hydraulic residence time in each cell, in days; and n is the number of pond cells of the same size. The application of Thirumurthi contended that Marais and Shaw's assumption of fully mixed circumstances was not optimal for aerated pond design, but chemical reaction proposals were perfect (Zimmo et al, 2003;Thirumurthi, 1974).…”

Section: Design Of Oxidation Ponds As Chemical Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Congruence Study between the Continuous Chemical Reactor (CSTR) and the Maturation Oxidation Ponds within Wastewater Treatment

Younes¹,

Kaid²

2022

GEP

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People who are involved in managing wastewater treatment face the challenge of achieving conservation goals with limited funds, and also of balancing needs for nature conservation. This context has been motivated with finding logic explanations of wastewater treatment by oxidation ponds. Description of progressive we have made with developing methods is for understanding how, when and where had done to apply the oxidation ponds for protecting biodiversity. The Rashid oxidation pond facility was highlighted as a model plant for utilizing this technology in wastewater treatment in the city of Rashid, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The main concept is based on the interaction of chemical pollutants NO 2 , NO 3 , BOD 5 -in, and BOD 5 -out and heavy metals with microorganisms as Chlorophyta Green and cyanophyta, and how these oxidation ponds imitate the Continuous Chemical Reactor (CSTR) to build its core architecture for maximum usefulness. By applying the theoretical equation of (CSTR) on the experimental results of the oxidation pond according to Thirumurthi equation, it was discovered that (CSTR) and oxidation pond are matching together with a satisfactory ratio of congruence (85% -88%). Also, the heavy metals as (iron, Zinc and copper) are high percentage removal by the algae rules. This investigation established that the oxidation ponds may function as a Continuous Chemical Reactor under ultimate conditions and precautions.

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“…The hydraulic regime in facultative ponds, and in all waste stabilization ponds, is dispersed flow (Thirumurthi, 1969). The most efficient hydraulic regime is plug flow, in which designs should always attempt to approximate by minimizing as much as possible the effects of dispersion.…”

Section: Longitudinal Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model of dispersion is used for E. coli or fecal coliform reduction in both facultative and maturation ponds. The Wehner and Wilhem equation (Wehner & Wilhelm, 1956), which was recommended by Thirumurthi (1969) for the design of facultative ponds, is used in the following form:…”

Section: E Coli or Fecal Coliform Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Wastewater Management for Health and Valorization: A Design Manual for Resource Challenged Cities

Oakley¹

2022

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Adequate wastewater treatment in low to medium income cities worldwide has largely been a failure despite decades of funding. The still dominant end-of-pipe paradigm of treatment for surface water discharge, focusing principally on removal of organic matter, has not addressed the well-published problems of pathogen and nutrient release with continued contamination of surface waters. This book incorporates the new paradigm of integrated wastewater management for valorization without surface water discharge using waste stabilization pond systems and wastewater reservoirs. In this paradigm the purpose of treatment is to protect health by reducing pathogens to produce an effluent that is valorized for its fertilizer and water value for agriculture and aquaculture. Methane production as a sustainable energy source is also considered for those applications where it is appropriate. Emphasis is on sustainable engineering solutions for low to medium income cities worldwide. Chapters present the theory of design, followed by design procedures, example design problems, and case study examples with data, diagrams and photos of operating systems. Excel spreadsheets and the FAO program CLIMWAT/CROPWAT are included in examples throughout. Sections on engineering practice include technical training, operation and maintenance requirements, construction and sustainability. The book incorporates design and operating data and case studies from Africa, Australia, Latin America, Europe, New Zealand, and the US, including studies that have been published in French, Portuguese, and Spanish. The book is designed for upper-division and graduate level engineering students, practicing engineers, regulatory professionals who help establish and enforce effluent standards, international development professionals, and policy stakeholders. ISBN: 9781789061529 (paperback) ISBN: 9781789061536 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789061543 (ePUB)

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Design Principles of Waste Stabilization Ponds

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Attached Growth on Treatment Performance in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Effect of Attached Growth on Treatment Performance in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Congruence Study between the Continuous Chemical Reactor (CSTR) and the Maturation Oxidation Ponds within Wastewater Treatment

Integrated Wastewater Management for Health and Valorization: A Design Manual for Resource Challenged Cities

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