Design Speed, Operating Speed, and Posted Speed Survey

Fitzpatrick, Kay; Shamburger, Brian; Fambro, D B

doi:10.3141/1523-07

Cited by 67 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…A regression model carried out by Poe et al (1998) showed that alignment and traffic control explained a large part of the speed variation, although a high correlation between both variables was detected. Fitzpatrick et al (2003) found that posted speed limits were the most significant variable for both curve and tangent sections. Wang et al (2007) used in-vehicle GPS technologies to determine operating speed on urban streets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In fact, only a few studies developed operating speed models in low-speed urban streets (Poe et al, 1996;Fitzpatrick et al, 1997;Poe et al, 1998;Bonneson, 1999;Poe and Mason, 2000;Fitzpatrick et al, 2001;Fitzpatrick et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2007). Poe et al (1996) concluded that access and land use characteristics influenced operating speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of speed profile as surrogate measure: Effect of traffic calming devices on crosstown road safety performance

Moreno

García

2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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ElsevierMoreno Chou, AT.; García García, A. (2013). Use of speed profile as surrogate measure: Effect of traffic calming devices on crosstown road safety performance. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 61:23-32. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.10 Submitted to Accident, Analysis and Prevention; SI: RSS 2011ABSTRACT Urban road safety management is usually characterized by a lack of quantity and quality of crash data and low budgets. However, fifty four percent of road crashes in Spain take place on urban areas. Moreover, ten percent of urban fatal crashes occur on crosstown roads, which are rural roads that traverse small communities. So, traffic calming measures (TCMs) are often implemented in this part of a rural road that traverses a small community in order to reduce both crash frequency and severity by lowering speeds.The objective of the research was to develop a methodology using continuous speed profile to evaluate safety effectiveness of TCMs on crosstown roads. Given the strong relationship between speed and crash experience, safety performance can be related to speed. Consequently, speed can be used indirectly as a surrogate safety measure.Two indexes were defined as surrogate safety measures based on the continuous speed profile: Ra and Ea. Ra represents absolute accumulated speed variations relative to the average speed, and is inversely related to accumulated speed uniformity; and Ea represents accumulated speed variations above the speed limit, and is directly related to accumulated speeding. Naturalistic data was collected using GPS trackers on twelve scenarios with different TCMs spacing. Then, the indexes were applied to individual observed speed profiles (individual analysis) as well as the operating speed profile (global analysis). The values obtained from individual and global analysis were statistically different. Spacing lower than 110 m, which was found optimal on previous research, did not allow drivers to modify their speeds as accumulated speed uniformity was quite similar regardless average operating speed; and, accumulated speeding was also minimized. Consequently, scenarios with implemented TCMs according to technical criteria presented a better design quality. On the other hand, age and gender differences didn't seem to affect average speed, nor accumulated speed uniformity or accumulated speeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of speed profile as surrogate measure: Effect of traffic calming devices on crosstown road safety performance

Moreno

García

2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Unlawful Driver Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example from this strand of research is NCHRP Report 504, which found that only 23% of free-flow vehicles were at or below the posted speed limit on suburban and urban collector roads located across seven U.S. cities (Fitzpatrick et al, 2004). On local roads, this percentage increased to 52%, but this still means that almost half of drivers exceeded the speed limit on local roads in populated areas (Fitzpatrick et al, 2004). A report published by the Royal Automobile Club suggests very similar numbers for drivers in England (RAC, 2007), and a study from Sweden found that more than 50% of drivers exceeded the speed limit by more than 10 km/h (Haglund & Åberg, 2000).…”

Section: Unlawful Driver Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Scofflaw bicycling: Illegal but rational

Marshall

Piatkowski

Johnson

2017

JTLU

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Abstract:Nearly everyone has jaywalked, rolled through a stop sign, or driven a few miles per hour over the speed limit, but most such offenses face no legal consequences. Society also tends to see these relatively minor infractions that almost all people make-though they are unmistakably illegal-as normal and even rational. Bicyclists who break the law, however, seem to attract a higher level of scorn and scrutiny. While the academic literature has exhaustively covered unlawful driving behaviors, there remains little research on bicyclists who break the rules of the road. This paper examines rule-breaking bicyclists and the factors associated with such behaviors. We also explore the question: are bicyclists making rational, albeit illegal, choices-similar to most drivers and pedestrians-or are bicyclists reckless and dangerous? Because it's proven effective for reaching hard-to-reach populations, we employed a snowball-sampling framework and an online, scenario-based survey completed by nearly 18,000 respondents. Via multi-level statistical analyses, our results suggest that younger people and males tend to exhibit higher levels of illegal bicycling behavior, but even when combining high-risk factors, the overwhelming majority of bicyclists are not reckless. Controlling for the context and social norms of the city where one lives tends to outweigh individual bicyclist characteristics such as race/ethnicity and income. Unlawful drivers and pedestrians tend to rationalize their behaviors as time saving; bicyclists similarly rationalize their illegal behaviors but were more inclined to cite increasing their own personal safety and/or saving energy. Most bicyclists can generally be described as rational individuals trying to function safely and efficiently given the context and norms of where they live and the transportation system put in front of them.

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“…By anticipating the operating speed estimation in the design phase, some attributes that are not directly related to the design speed but which have a relevant impact on the operating speed (e.g., the cross-section width) may be properly defined. Therefore, the relationship between design speed and operating speed is currently regarded as a means to improve design consistency and safety performance (Fitzpatrick et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Stochastic Frontier Approach to Predict Spot Speed in Two-Lane Highways

2016

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The approach to spot speed prediction in two-lane highways followed in this study aims to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive set of speed factors, with a special focus on the geometric characteristics of the road segment to which the element belongs. Two flexible models were developed for different types of roads based on a stochastic frontier formulation in which the maximum operating speed is estimated as a function of road geometrics and the one-sided disturbance accounts for diversity in driving behavior and vehicle characteristics, allowing the estimation of any percentile speed. The models are applicable to horizontal curves and tangents and consider both on-site characteristics and aggregated variables characterizing the road segment. The results show a clear influence of segment features on different percentile spot speeds, revealing that recent driving experience and expectations about the quality of the geometric design influence the way a driver approaches a specific road element. Additionally, this study contributes to addressing some of the limitations of existing speed models identified in 2 the literature.

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Design Speed, Operating Speed, and Posted Speed Survey

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Use of speed profile as surrogate measure: Effect of traffic calming devices on crosstown road safety performance

Use of speed profile as surrogate measure: Effect of traffic calming devices on crosstown road safety performance

Scofflaw bicycling: Illegal but rational

Flexible Stochastic Frontier Approach to Predict Spot Speed in Two-Lane Highways

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