Design, structural modeling, control, and performance of 20 MW spar floating wind turbines

Souza, Carlos Eduardo Silva de; Bachynski‐Polić, Erin E.

doi:10.1016/j.marstruc.2022.103182

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has been ensured that the bandwidth of the blade pitch PI-controller is low enough to avoid unstable platform pitch excitation [20]. Yet, the controllers should be improved to dampen platform movements [17] in future work, to alleviate the currently large increase of tower base DELs of +160 % when comparing the bottom-fixed and floating three-bladed turbines. Then, a larger amount of environmental conditions and load cases should be simulated, followed by a loaddriven adjustment of the towers for fatigue and of the currently possibly undersized mooring system of the smaller 15 MW FOWT [1].…”

Section: Results: 20 Mw Volturnus Campbell Diagram and Fatigue Load S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased tower eigenfrequencies on floating foundations and their implications for large two- and three-bladed turbines

Anstock,

Kessler,

Schorbach

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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If the tower of a bottom-fixed turbine is put on a floating foundation, such as a spar, semi-submersible, or barge, its eigenfrequency increases. In the investigated case, the tower eigenfrequency rose to about twice its previous value. For bottom-fixed applications, the comparatively high blade-passing frequency of a three-blade turbine (3P) leaves a great bandwidth to design a light and soft tower with a low-enough eigenfrequency. On one of those floaters, however, the eigenfrequency of the same tower might neither be high nor low enough to avoid eigenfrequency excitation by 3P around rated speed. Due to the lower blade passing frequency of a two-bladed wind turbine (2P), the same tower eigenfrequency is high enough by default, enabling considerable material savings or at least eliminating the severe eigenfrequency excitation issue of its bottom-fixed version. Additionally, cost benefits in the whole life-cycle of two-bladed turbines remain. 20MW two- and three-bladed turbines were analyzed numerically on an upscaled version of the UMaine VolturnUS-S semi-submersible, confirming the reasoning.

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Section: Results: 20 Mw Volturnus Campbell Diagram and Fatigue Load S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A precise quantification of fatigue and ultimate loads for structural tower and mooring design requires beforehand reasonable controller adaptations to dampen the FOWT movements [17], which is out of scope and will follow in future studies.…”

Section: Methodology: Floating Foundation Selection Simulation and Sc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased tower eigenfrequencies on floating foundations and their implications for large two- and three-bladed turbines

Anstock,

Kessler,

Schorbach

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…In Table 4, two wind turbines are presented, the first one being frequently used in onshore projects such as the one from Fantanele-Cogealac, Romania [23]. The second generator is designed for the offshore areas, being expected to become operational in the near future when the rated capacity of these systems may easily exceed 20 MW [24,25]. The annual electricity production of a particular turbine can be defined as [28]:…”

Section: Wind Data and Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Variation near the Black Sea Coastal Areas Reflected by the ERA5 Dataset

2022

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In the context of the European Green Deal implementation, it is expected that there will be an increase in number of the wind farms located near the coastal areas in order to support this initiative. The Black Sea represents an important source of wind energy, and as a consequence, in the present work the regional wind resources (onshore and offshore) are evaluated by considering a total of 20 years of ERA5 wind data covering the 20-year time interval from January 2002 to December 2021. From a general perspective, it is clear that the offshore areas (100 km from the shoreline) are defined by much higher wind speed values than in the onshore, reaching an average of 8.75 m/s for the points located on the western sector. During the winter, these values can go up to 8.75 m/s, with the mention that the northern sectors from Ukraine and Russia may easily exceed 8 m/s. In terms of the wind turbines’ selection, for the offshore areas defined by consistent wind resources, generators will be considered that are defined by a rated wind speed of 11 m/s. Finally, we can mention that a theoretical offshore wind turbine of 20 MW can reach a capacity factor located between 20.9 and 48.3%, while a maximum annual electricity production of 84.6 GWh may be obtained from the sites located near the Romanian and Ukrainian sectors, respectively.

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“…When upscaling a FOWT, specific load cases are typically used to constrain the design and ensure acceptable stability and dynamics. Load cases at rated wind speed often govern the extreme loads of FOWT systems (George, 2014;Leimeister et al, 2016;Kikuchi and Ishihara, 2019a;Wu and Kim, 2021;Souza and Bachynski-Polić, 2022). Silva de Souza and Bachynski-Polic (Souza and Bachynski-Polić, 2022) study the behavior of a large spar FOWT and find that the extreme loads are governed by the rated wind speed cases rather than the extreme wind and sea state cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Methodology for Upscaling Semi-submersible Platforms for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Roach

Lackner

Manwell

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. This paper presents a new upscaling methodology for floating offshore wind turbine platforms. The size and power rating of offshore wind turbines have been growing in recent years, with modern wind turbines rated at 10–14 MW in contrast with 2–5 MW in 2010. It is not apparent how much further wind turbines can be increased before it is unjustified. Scaling relations are a useful method for analyzing wind turbine designs, to understand the mass, load, and cost increases with size. Scaling relations currently do not exist but are needed for floating offshore platforms to understand how the technical and economic development of floating offshore wind energy may develop with increasing turbine size. In this paper, a hydrodynamic model has been developed to capture the key platform response in pitch. The hydrodynamic model is validated using OpenFAST, a high-fidelity offshore wind turbine simulation software. An upscaling methodology is then applied to two semi-submersible case studies, in which the platform pitch angle at rated wind turbine thrust is constrained to a specified value. The results show that platform dimensions scale to a factor of 0.75, and the platform steel mass scales to a factor of 1.5 when the wall thickness is kept constant. This study is the first to develop generalized upscaling relations that can be used for other semi-submersible platforms, in contrast with other studies that upscale a specific design to a larger power rating. This upscaling methodology provides new insight into trends for semi-submersible platform upscaling as turbine size increases.

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Design, structural modeling, control, and performance of 20 MW spar floating wind turbines

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Increased tower eigenfrequencies on floating foundations and their implications for large two- and three-bladed turbines

Increased tower eigenfrequencies on floating foundations and their implications for large two- and three-bladed turbines

Wind Variation near the Black Sea Coastal Areas Reflected by the ERA5 Dataset

A New Methodology for Upscaling Semi-submersible Platforms for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

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