Design, synthesis, and antifungal evaluation of novel coumarin‐pyrrole hybrids

Abstract

A series of coumarin derivatives bearing a pyrrole scaffold were designed, prepared, and assessed for their in vitro antifungal activities against six phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal activity screening results suggest that some synthesized hybrids exhibited potential fungicidal activities against the tested fungi. In particular, compounds 6j, 6k, 6o, 6p, and 6r displayed significant antifungal effects against Rhizoctorzia solani, and possessed EC50 values of 3.94, 7.75, 6.38, 6.25, and 7.67 μg/ mL, respectively. The above activities are more potent than the commercialized fungicide Boscalid (11.52 μg/mL) and Osthole (9.79 μg/mL). These results provide a significant reference for further rational design of coumarin‐based fungicides.

New Pyrrole Derivatives as Promising Biological Agents: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, In Silico, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

“…Due to the fact of its aromatic structure, pyrrole can react with various electrophiles, leading to a wide variety of compounds with biological potential, some of them having a crucial role in life processes. Numerous pyrrole derivatives have been reported to have various biological activities [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], especially anticancer properties [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Effective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Functionalized 2,3-Dihydrofuro[3,2-c]coumarins via an Imidazole-Catalyzed Green Multicomponent Approach

“…Warfarin, brodifacoum, dicumarol, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, and difenacoum are well-known examples of current drugs molecules that possess 4-hydroxy coumarin as a core structural moiety. − Moreover, wedelolactone, coumestrol, and neo-tanshinlactone are emerging potential candidates to this end that revealed promising activities (Figure ). , Recently, trans -2,3-dihydrofuro­[3,2- c ]­coumarins (DHFCs) (derivatives of 4-hydroxy coumarin) are of great interest among coumarins possessing a unique 4 H -furo ring fused with coumarin, which are well-known for their medicinal importance, therapeutic activities, and applications in myriad pharmaceutical ingredients. , Several drug candidates containing the furo­[3,2- c ]­coumarin and DHFC skeleton display an extremely wide range of biological activities such as anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, fungicidal, antimycobacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. − For instance, natural products austocystin A and D and neo-tanshinlactone isolated from the maize meal cultures of Aspergillus ustus and Salvia miltiorrhiza, respectively, displayed potent antitumor activities and cytotoxicity against breast cancer. , In addition, naphthalene-functionalized DHFCs are known as antioxidant and anthelmintic agents …”

Synthesis of novel pyrroles and fused pyrroles as antifungal and antibacterial agents

“…Pyrroles and its fused derivatives, are an important class of naturally 22,23 and synthetically [24][25][26] occurring compounds with a wide-range of biological activities; antibacterial [27][28][29] , antifungal [30][31][32][33] , antiviral [34][35][36][37][38][39] , anticancer 40,41 and anti-inflammatory 42,43 . Pyrrolnitin and fludioxonil, are two naturally secreted pyrroles, reported to bear a broad spectrum antifungal activities [44][45][46] .…”