Design, synthesis, and evaluation of β-galactosylceramide mimics promoting β-glucocerebrosidase activity in keratinocytes

Ceramide analogue 14S24 selectively recovers perturbed human skin barrier

“…This seems to be in contrast with the previous studies, which described that ceramide and fatty acid alone, as well as their two-component mixtures, delayed barrier recovery, while complete mixtures of ceramide, fatty acid and cholesterol allowed normal barrier recovery. 15,16,39 On the contrary, other studies showed a positive effect of a ceramide or a pseudoceramide alone on the barrier recovery, 11,12,[41][42][43] thus supporting our results. The reasons for the discrepancy could be numerous, originating from a different chemical structure, study design, skin species, etc.…”

“…The concentration of TH was calculated as the concentration in the dialysate divided by the ex vivo recovery. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = [11][12]. The statistical significances between the groups are given in Table 1.…”

“…The disadvantage of ceramides, however, is their high cost. Previous studies suggested that some structural changes in the ceramide molecule lead to equally active analogues with advantageous properties 11,12 . We have prepared an analogue of ceramide NS (a non‐hydroxylated N‐acyl sphingosine) with allylic hydroxyl replaced by an ester bond, i.e.…”

Towards Optimal pH of the Skin and Topical Formulations: From the Current State of the Art to Tailored Products

“…Some of the earliest studies described the negative effect of topically applied individual SC lipids or their incomplete mixtures on barrier recovery, while only mixtures with equimolar physiological ratio of lipids allowed normal recovery [114,115]. In contrast with the aforementioned are studies describing the positive effect of certain physiological lipids alone, some emollients (oils) alone or emulsions with physiological lipids on barrier recovery [116][117][118][119][120]. Differences in the experimental approaches, types of investigated topical formulations, study designs and protocols, measured parameters as well as investigated skin models (mouse/human, in vitro/in vivo) could explain the discrepancies in the obtained results.…”

Administration of Glucosylceramide Ameliorated the Memory Impairment in Aged Mice

“…In addition, glucosylceramide is composed of glucose group at primary alcohol position on the ceramide backbone (Figure 1), and glucosylceramide is a major sphingolipid in plants such as soybean, corn, rice, and wheat [14]. Glucosylceramide has recently attracted interest since the beneficial effects of glucosylceramide in improving the skin barrier function by dietary administration as well as topical application [15, 16]. Recently, it is an interesting report that oral administration of glucosylceramide strongly suppressed mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and IL-6 in mice [17].…”