Design, synthesis, and evaluation of positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual imaging probes for targeting facilitated glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)

Abstract

Increased energy metabolism followed by enhanced glucose consumption represents a hallmark of cancer. Most cancer cells show overexpression of facilitated hexose transporter GLUT1, including breast cancer. GLUT1 is the main...

Dual Probes for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Fluorescence Imaging (FI) of Cancer

“…With 11 C having a short half-life of 20.4 min, its incorporation into a complex probe may prove to be difficult, as evidenced by the lack of dual probes using 11 C in the literature. On the other hand, 18 F has been employed quite regularly [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The radiochemistry of 18 F has been widely explored to find suitable methods for rapid incorporation into radiotracers.…”

“…Our group recently published the synthesis and evaluation of several different dual probes targeting GLUT1, with 2-[ 18 F]FBDG being the most promising ( Figure 11 ) [ 24 ]. The probe was inspired by the commonly used fluorescent probe 2-NBDG (2-( N -(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose).…”

Synthesis and 18F Labeling of Alkenyl Sulfonyl Fluorides via an Unconventional Elimination Pathway

“…Recently, Wu, Yang, Sharpless, and co-workers developed an ultrafast process for radiosynthesizing aryl [ 18 F]­fluorosulfates and showcased the potential PET imaging application of an 18 F–S-based probe . Compared with these recent developments in novel 18 F–sulfur bond formation, our work represents the first example of 18 F labeling of alkenyl sulfonyl fluorides, which not only can function as 18 F-labeling reagents , but also may serve as ideal probes for PET imaging with high-density biological targets in oncology applications …”

“…Since Sharpless et al expanded their repertoire of click chemistry to sulfur­(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) in 2014, sulfonyl fluorides have found widespread applications in various disciplines, such as organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, drug discovery, and PET imaging . Alkenyl sulfonyl fluorides, in which the double bond could be further functionalized, have received more attention, and a number of synthetic methods have been developed.…”

Hot off the Press

“…Various glucose-based dual positron emission tomography/ uorescence imaging probes have been developed for the hexose transporter GLUT1. 32 A glucosamine scaffold tagged with a benzoxadiazole chromophore showed excellent potential as an in vitro uorescent probe, while an [ 18 F] version 31 was found to be transported by GLUT1 into murine and human breast cancer cells.…”