Design/test of a hybrid energy storage system for primary frequency control using a dynamic droop method in an isolated microgrid power system

Li, Jianwei; Xiong, Rui; Yang, Qingqing; Liang, Fei; Zhang, Min; Yuan, Weijia

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.066

Cited by 203 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The rain-flow cycle-counting algorithm is usually used for analysing the fatigue data and was firstly used in metal fatigue estimation [2]. In this research, this method is used to extract the irregular charging and discharging cycles that the battery experienced in the MG.…”

Section: The Rain-flow Cycle-counting Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, a microgrid system based on the benchmark scheme [2,34] with renewable generations and the SMES/battery HESS, is established in the RTDS. The battery model in the RSCAD which works a controlled voltage source with a series resistor is used in this paper.…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, compared to short-term energy storage technologies such as a SMES, the power density of the battery is much lower, which makes it difficult for the battery to handle the high-frequency fluctuations. The SMES is characterised by an outstanding power density and is able to response to the power requirements very quickly [2,[15][16][17][18]. However, the energy density of the SMES is much lower than that of the battery [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microgrid concept, that is defined as a low-voltage system having a cluster of loads and generators capable of providing the stable electricity to the localised area, is regarded as an effective system formation to enhance the renewable power penetrations [1][2][3]. Due to the variable nature of renewables, the generated power profile may not be able to match the load requirement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and real-time test of a hybrid energy storage system in the microgrid with the benefit of improving the battery lifetime

Xiong

et al. 2018

Applied Energy

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• A new control method of the hybrid energy storage system is introduced.• The battery lifetime has been proved to be extended in the real-time experiment.• A new experiment method is proposed using the RTDS&HIL to give real-time verification.• A battery lifetime prediction method is introduced.• The RTDS&HIL scheme highlights a flexible real-time experimental approach. This study proposes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of the superconducting energy storage system (SMES) and the battery. The system is designed to compensate power fluctuations within a microgrid. A novel control method is developed to share the instantaneous power between the SMES and the battery. The new control scheme takes into account the characteristics of the components of the HESS, and the battery charges and discharges as a function of the SMES current rather than directly to the power disturbances. In this way, the battery is protected from the abrupt power changes and works as an energy buffer to the SMES. An new hardware-in-loop experiment approach is introduced by integrating a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) with a control circuit to verify the proposed hybrid scheme and the new control method. This paper also presents a battery lifetime prediction method to quantify the benefits of the HESS in the microgrid. A much better power sharing between the SMES and the battery can be observed from the experimental results with the new control method. Moreover, compared to the battery only system the battery lifetime is quantifiably increased from 6.38 years to 9.21 years.

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Section: The Rain-flow Cycle-counting Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and real-time test of a hybrid energy storage system in the microgrid with the benefit of improving the battery lifetime

Xiong

et al. 2018

Applied Energy

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“…Compared with supercapacitors, flywheels, and other energy storage devices, SMES devices have higher power density, faster time response and unlimited charge and discharge life cycles [14], [15]. Because the battery has a relatively low power density [16], it cannot respond quickly in supplying the high transient current that is needed for the pulse loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Improvement of DC Power Systems in an All-Electric Ship Using Hybrid SMES/Battery

Alafnan

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/64860/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. Abstract-As the capacity of all-electric ships (AES) increases dramatically, the sudden changes in the system load may lead to serious problems, such as voltage fluctuations of the ship power grid, increased fuel consumption and environmental emissions. In order to reduce the effects of system load fluctuations on system efficiency, and to maintain the bus voltage, we propose a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for use in AESs. The HESS consists of two elements: a battery for high energy density storage and a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for high power density storage. A dynamic droop control is used to control charge/discharge prioritisation. Manoeuvring and pulse loads are the main sources of the sudden changes in AESs. There are several types of pulse loads, including electric weapons. These types of loads need large amounts of energy and high electrical power, which makes the HESS a promising power source. Using Simulink/Matlab, we built a model of the AES power grid integrated with a SMES/battery to show its effectiveness in improving the quality of the power grid.  Index Terms--All-electric ship (AES), hybrid energy storage system (HESS), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), pulse load.

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A novel control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system in a grid‐independent hybrid renewable energy system

Krishan

Suhag

2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary In this paper, a novel control strategy is proposed for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), as a part of the grid‐independent hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), to maintain active power balance among different constituents of HRES. The considered HRES includes a wind energy conversion system (WECS), a photovoltaic (PV) system, the HESS comprising the battery energy storage system (BESS) and supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS), dump load, and a set of critical and noncritical loads. The proposed control strategy is executed into two parts: In the first part, the HESS controller maintains the active power balance among different constituents of HRES under variable operating conditions (viz, wind speed, solar irradiance, and load). The low‐frequency components of imbalance power are diverted to BESS for its smooth charging/discharging while the high‐frequency components are diverted to the SCESS, thereby reducing the stress on BESS. Further, the state of charge of the HESS is maintained within the limits and hence increasing its operating life. In the second part, the three‐phase inverter controller, based on vector control technique, regulates the three‐phase AC voltage magnitude and frequency within limits against any perturbation. The novelty of the proposed control strategy lies also in the fact that some portion of the power, which remains uncompensated by BESS when using conventional low pass filter (LPF) scheme, is compensated by SCESS by generating reference current corresponding to this uncompensated power. Further, the synergetic use of the typical HRES—PV system and WECS—and the typical HESS—BESS and SCESS—is also a new proposition. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy in terms of active power balance of HRES, regulation of DC link voltage (VDC), three‐phase AC voltage and frequency, and maintaining SoC constraints of HESS in transient as well as steady state conditions.

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Design/test of a hybrid energy storage system for primary frequency control using a dynamic droop method in an isolated microgrid power system

Cited by 203 publications

References 36 publications

Design and real-time test of a hybrid energy storage system in the microgrid with the benefit of improving the battery lifetime

Design and real-time test of a hybrid energy storage system in the microgrid with the benefit of improving the battery lifetime

Stability Improvement of DC Power Systems in an All-Electric Ship Using Hybrid SMES/Battery

A novel control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system in a grid‐independent hybrid renewable energy system

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