Designed construction and validation of carbon-free porous MnO spheres with hybrid architecture as anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Porous micro/nanostructures of earth abundant and ecobenign metals are emerging as advanced green materials for use in electrochemical energy storage devices. We present here the custom designed construction of a hybrid architecture containing porous MnO microspheres, formed out of hierarchically assembled nanoparticles using a template-free co-precipitation method, wherein the sacrificial template growth of porous spheres has been obtained by a solution mediated and time dependent oxidation strategy. The nanoporous channels in the MnO microspheres and the nanosized primary particles of MnO anodes in synergy increase the electrolyte percolation, resulting in a discharge capacity of 1200 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 50 mA g(-1) and a capacity as high as 450 mA h g(-1) under the 1000 mA g(-1) condition. The study assumes importance based on the fact that engineering of electrode materials is typically challenging, wherein design, preparation and fabrication of tailor-made electrodes with a desirable micro/nanocrystalline assembly play a critical role, especially when recommended for high capacity and high-rate applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Further, this communication elaborates the designed construction and validation of porous MnO microspheres engineered through a time dependent process protocol as economically viable and environmentally benign anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

Solvothermal Synthesis of Porous MnF2 Hollow Spheroids as Anode Materials for Sodium‐/Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[15,21,22] The Mn 2P1/2 and Mn 2P3/2 peaks can be fitted by four Gaussian functions and the simulative peaks are located at 654.7 and 653.3 eV, 643.1 and 641.6 eV, respectively. [23] The separation of 11.9 eV between Mn 2P1/2 and Mn 2P3/2 corresponds to the characteristic of Mn 2 + . Furthermore, the shake-up satellite at around 5 eV from the main peak Mn 2P1/2 with higher binding energy forms, which indicates the Mn 2 + state.…”

“…The Mn 2P1/2, shake‐up satellite and Mn 2P3/2 peaks at 654.8 eV, 649.3 eV and 642.9 eV, respectively ,,. The Mn 2P1/2 and Mn 2P3/2 peaks can be fitted by four Gaussian functions and the simulative peaks are located at 654.7 and 653.3 eV, 643.1 and 641.6 eV, respectively . The separation of 11.9 eV between Mn 2P1/2 and Mn 2P3/2 corresponds to the characteristic of Mn 2+ .…”

Oleic acid-treated synthesis of MnO@C with superior electrochemical properties

“…In order to improve the performance, carbon was preferrably considered to form MnO/C composite materials, which combine the desired properties from both carbon and MnO, and promote the cyclability and rate performance of LIBs to a large extent [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] . In this work, we firstly synthesized MnCO 3 , and then converted MnCO 3 into MnO, followed by a carbon coating technique to obtain MnO@C. The as-obtained MnO@C nanocomposites exhibited more excellent electrochemical performance than MnO, which showed a discharge capacity of 421 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g.…”