Designed for resistance to puncture: The dynamic response of fish scales

Ghods, S.; Murcia, Sandra; Ossa, E.A.; Arola, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.037

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In the last decades, a great effort, both from the fundamental research and technological application point of view, has been made to exploit organic–metal interfaces in the engineering of functional molecular‐based spintronics devices [1–4] . Among others, planar and aromatic metalorganic molecules, such as metal‐phthalocyanines (MPcs), metal‐porphyrins (MPs) and their derivatives, have been widely employed in molecular spintronics because they may manifest a broad variety of spin‐related phenomena, ranging from magnetic anisotropy [5, 6] to the Kondo effect [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO₂ Exposure

Cojocariu

Carlotto

Sturmeit

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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Due to its unique magnetic properties offered by the open‐shell electronic structure of the central metal ion, and for being an effective catalyst in a wide variety of reactions, iron phthalocyanine has drawn significant interest from the scientific community. Nevertheless, upon surface deposition, the magnetic properties of the molecular layer can be significantly affected by the coupling occurring at the interface, and the more reactive the surface, the stronger is the impact on the spin state. Here, we show that on Cu(100), indeed, the strong hybridization between the Fe d‐states of FePc and the sp‐band of the copper substrate modifies the charge distribution in the molecule, significantly influencing the magnetic properties of the iron ion. The FeII ion is stabilized in the low singlet spin state (S=0), leading to the complete quenching of the molecule magnetic moment. By exploiting the FePc/Cu(100) interface, we demonstrate that NO2 dissociation can be used to gradually change the magnetic properties of the iron ion, by trimming the gas dosage. For lower doses, the FePc film is decoupled from the copper substrate, restoring the gas phase triplet spin state (S=1). A higher dose induces the transition from ferrous to ferric phthalocyanine, in its intermediate spin state, with enhanced magnetic moment due to the interaction with the atomic ligands. Remarkably, in this way, three different spin configurations have been observed within the same metalorganic/metal interface by exposing it to different doses of NO2 at room temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO₂ Exposure

Cojocariu

Carlotto

Sturmeit

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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“…Five specimens were evaluated for each strain rate and anatomical region (head, middle and tail), which resulted in 7 rates Â 3 regions Â 5 specimens ¼ 105 total tests for each liquid environment. Results of the experiments performed on the scales tested in HBSS were also reported in Ghods et al [43] to explore the strain-rate dependence of the mechanical behaviour in HBSS. An additional 105 experiments were performed on the scales subjected to the ethanol treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…While the influence of loading rate on the elastic behaviour of scales was investigated by Lin et al [20], other aspects have received limited attention. Ghods et al [43] recently showed that the layered microstructure of fish scales is more effective at resisting failure by transverse impact than in-plane tension. Furthermore, the laminated structure of the scales exhibits spatial variations in structure and mechanical behaviour across the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interface 16: 20180775 'middle') and near the tail (figure 1a). To be consistent in the collection for all fish, these regions were defined at distances from the gill plate of approximately 15%, 40% and 80% of the total number of scales counted along the lateral line over the fish length after previous work [43]. All of the scales were less than 1 mm thick and possessed a diameter that varied according to the anatomical position but generally between 1 and 2 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interfibril hydrogen bonding improves the strain-rate response of natural armour

Arola

Ghods

Son

et al. 2019

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Fish scales are laminated composites that consist of plies of unidirectional collagen fibrils with twisted-plywood stacking arrangement. Owing to their composition, the toughness of scales is dependent on the intermolecular bonding within and between the collagen fibrils. Adjusting the extent of this bonding with an appropriate stimulus has implications for the design of next-generation bioinspired flexible armours. In this investigation, scales were exposed to environments of water or a polar solvent (i.e. ethanol) to influence the extent of intermolecular bonding, and their mechanical behaviour was evaluated in uniaxial tension and transverse puncture. Results showed that the resistance to failure of the scales increased with loading rate in both tension and puncture and that the polar solvent treatment increased both the strength and toughness through interpeptide bonding; the largest increase occurred in the puncture resistance of scales from the tail region (a factor of nearly 7×). The increase in strength and damage tolerance with stronger intermolecular bonding is uncommon for structural materials and is a unique characteristic of the low mineral content. Scales from regions of the body with higher mineral content underwent less strengthening, which is most likely the result of interference posed by the mineral crystals to intermolecular bonding. Overall, the results showed that flexible bioinspired composite materials for puncture resistance should enrol constituents and complementary processing that capitalize on interfibril bonds.

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“…FIGURE 5 | SEM cross-section image of an elasmoid fish scale (tarpon) (Arola et al, 2018). rate of puncture loadings, while being close to the head region in the fish (Ghods et al, 2018). Dimensionally, arapaima scale thickness range approximately 1,600 µm, constituting 600 µm of its limiting layer and the remaining 1,000 µm of elasmoid region containing an orthogonal arrangement of fibers in stacks ranging between 30 and 60 µm in ply thickness with each fiber of lamella of 1 µm of diameter and each small fibril of approximately 100 nm in diameter or even smaller (Estrada et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effects Of Fish Scale Configuration On Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Scales and Their Biomimetic Applications

et al. 2021

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Biomaterials are evolving quite rapidly over the last decade. Many applications have been considered toward their involvement in saving lives in the line of duty for law enforcement agencies and military operations. This article discusses recent work on the role of biomaterials that can be considered as a competitive alternative to composites, being used against ballistic impacts. The fish-scaled biomaterials are focused on in this paper, highlighting their excellent mechanical properties and structural configurations. In its natural environment, the scale provides fishes with an armor plating, which is significantly effective in their survival against attacks of predator and the impact inflicted from sharp teeth. These bioinspired materials, if engineered properly, can provide an excellent alternative to current Kevlar® type armors, which are significantly heavier and can cause fatigue to the human body over long-term usage. The investigated materials can provide effective alternatives to heavier and expensive materials currently used in different industrial applications. Additionally, some recent development in the usage of fish scales as a biomaterial and its applications in rapid prototyping techniques are presented. Finally, this review provides useful information to researchers in developing and processing cost-effective biomaterials.

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Designed for resistance to puncture: The dynamic response of fish scales

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO₂ Exposure

Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO₂ Exposure

Interfibril hydrogen bonding improves the strain-rate response of natural armour

Fish Scales and Their Biomimetic Applications

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Designed for resistance to puncture: The dynamic response of fish scales

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO2 Exposure

Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO2 Exposure

Interfibril hydrogen bonding improves the strain-rate response of natural armour

Fish Scales and Their Biomimetic Applications

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Product

Resources

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Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO₂ Exposure

Ferrous to Ferric Transition in Fe‐Phthalocyanine Driven by NO₂ Exposure