Designer Schools: The Role of School Space and Architecture in Obesity Prevention

Gorman, Nicholas; Lackney, Jeffery A.; Rollings, Kimberly A.; Huang, Terry T.‐K.

doi:10.1038/oby.2007.300

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The FA composition of imported cooking oil was changed to contain higher amounts of polyunsaturated fat instead of saturated fat. The mean TC concentration decreased from 225 mg/dL in 1987 to 182 mg/dL in 1992, decreasing the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia from 25% to 6% in men and from 22% to 5% in women (107,108). This intervention was a classic example of a population-based strategy that effectively shifted the entire distribution of risk.…”

Section: Population-based Nutrition Interventions In College Studentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students

Arts

Fernández

Lofgren

2014

Advances in Nutrition

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More than one-half of young adults aged 18-24 y have at least 1 coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor and nearly one-quarter have advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The extent of atherosclerosis is directly correlated with the number of risk factors. Unhealthy dietary choices made by this age group contribute to weight gain and dyslipidemia. Risk factor profiles in young adulthood strongly predict long-term CHD risk. Early detection is critical to identify individuals at risk and to promote lifestyle changes before disease progression occurs. Despite the presence of risk factors and pathological changes, risk assessment and disease prevention efforts are lacking in this age group. Most young adults are not screened and are unaware of their risk. This review provides pathological evidence along with current risk factor prevalence data to demonstrate the need for early detection. Eighty percent of heart disease is preventable through diet and lifestyle, and young adults are ideal targets for prevention efforts because they are in the process of establishing lifestyle habits, which track forward into adulthood. This review aims to establish the need for increased screening, risk assessment, education, and management in young adults. These essential screening efforts should include the assessment of all CHD risk factors and lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, and smoking), blood pressure, glucose, and body mass index in addition to the traditional lipid panel for effective long-term risk reduction.

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Section: Population-based Nutrition Interventions In College Studentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students

Arts

Fernández

Lofgren

2014

Advances in Nutrition

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“…approach in Canada (Naylor et al, 2008) and the Belgian community school pilot project for increasing pupils' opportunities for PA (De Martelaer et al, 2002), the framework (see Figures 1 and 2) recommends that the PA team cooperates with external partners from the community and regional level, which are described later in the paper. The PA team could take action to expand cooperative PA programs and increase the connectivity with the neighborhood by opening up the school's play grounds and facilities to local sociocultural organizations promoting lifetime PA, sports clubs, and the community in general (Gorman, Lackney, Rollings, & Huang, 2007). Considering that a large majority of children attend schools, the PA team could regularly inform pupils about school-community partnerships with special attention to informing different at-risk populations.…”

Section: Main Organizational and Policy Features At The Community Levmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Physical Activity Programs Within School–Community Partnerships

Acker

Bourdeaudhuij

Martelaer

et al. 2011

Quest

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School-community partnerships have shown their potential as incubators for innovations and for contributing to comprehensive physical activity (PA) programs. However, implementation frameworks for school-community partnerships that allow local tailoring of PA programs remain scarce. The present paper aims at documenting the composition of a framework for PA programs within schoolcommunity partnerships. The framework addresses socioecological strategies to promote extracurricular PA opportunities for pupils, which are integrated into five complementary components. To implement and reinforce the five components of the framework, involvement of schools, pupils, family, and community is facilitated by sustainable partnerships between these stakeholders. Partnerships are not only recommended on the school and community level, but also on a broader regional level that covers multiple communities. The development of the framework was an effort to integrate school-community partnerships into a flexible implementation framework for PA promotion. Implications of the framework for research agendas, professional education, and policy are formulated.

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“…A one percentage point increase in minority student population, however, was associated with a 0.34% reduction in FV percentage consumed (Table 7; p < .05). This result suggested that, although schools with higher participation in FRPM may serve more FV due to stronger wellness policies [13, 56], environmental variations captured by CAFES items, food quality, food preferences, role modeling, or nutrition education [57, 58] may contribute to lower FV percentages consumed in schools with larger percentages of minority students.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cafeteria assessment for elementary schools (CAFES): development, reliability testing, and predictive validity analysis

Rollings

Wells

2018

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundStrategies to reduce childhood obesity and improve nutrition include creating school food environments that promote healthy eating. Despite well-documented health benefits of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, many U.S. school-aged children, especially low-income youth, fail to meet national dietary guidelines for FV intake. The Cafeteria Assessment for Elementary Schools (CAFES) was developed to quantify physical attributes of elementary school cafeteria environments associated with students’ selection and consumption of FV. CAFES procedures require observation of the cafeteria environment where preparation, serving, and eating occur; staff interviews; photography; and scoring.MethodsCAFES development included three phases. First, assessment items were identified via a literature review, expert panel review, and pilot testing. Second, reliability testing included calculating inter-item correlations, internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson-21 coefficients), and inter-rater reliability (percent agreement) based on data collected from 50 elementary schools in low-income communities and 3187 National School Lunch Program participants in four U.S. states. At least 43% of each participating school’s students qualified for free- or reduced-price meals. Third, FV servings and consumption data, obtained from lunch tray photography, and multi-level modeling were used to assess the predictive validity of CAFES.ResultsCAFES’ 198 items (grouped into 108 questions) capture four environmental scales: room (50 points), table/display (133 points), plate (4 points), and food (11 points). Internal consistency (KR-21) was 0.88 (overall), 0.80 (room), 0.72 (table), 0.83 (plate), and 0.58 (food). Room subscales include ambient environment, appearance, windows, layout/visibility, healthy signage, and kitchen/serving area. Table subscales include furniture, availability, display layout/presentation, serving method, and variety. Inter-rater reliability (percent agreement) of the final CAFES tool was 90%. Predictive validity analyses indicated that the total CAFES and four measurement scale scores were significantly associated with percentage consumed of FV served (p < .05).ConclusionsCAFES offers a practical and low-cost measurement tool for school staff, design and public health practitioners, and researchers to identify critical areas for intervention; suggest low- and no-cost intervention strategies; and contribute to guidelines for cafeteria design, food presentation and layout, and operations aimed at promoting healthy eating among elementary school students.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6032-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Designer Schools: The Role of School Space and Architecture in Obesity Prevention

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students

A Framework for Physical Activity Programs Within School–Community Partnerships

Cafeteria assessment for elementary schools (CAFES): development, reliability testing, and predictive validity analysis

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