Designing a novel mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: An immunoinformatics approach

Ahammad, Ishtiaque; Lira, Samia Sultana

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.213

Cited by 80 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 241 publications

(267 reference statements)

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“…This approach involves computational analysis of immunological data by predicting appropriate antigens, epitopes, carriers, and adjuvants for vaccine development. Therefore, immunoinformatics can reduce the time and cost of vaccines [ 81 , 82 ]. Considering this, the design of novel multiepitope mRNA vaccines consisting of cytotoxic T lymphocyte, helper T lymphocyte, and linear B lymphocyte epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2 S protein, as well as adjuvant highly immunogenic, have been analyzed [ 53 , 81 , [83] , [84] , [85] ].…”

Section: Nucleic Acid-based Vaccines and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges

2021

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is associated with several fatal cases worldwide. The rapid spread of this pathogen and the increasing number of cases highlight the urgent development of vaccines. Among the technologies available for vaccine development, DNA vaccination is a promising alternative to conventional vaccines. Since its discovery in the 1990s, it has been of great interest because of its ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses while showing relevant advantages regarding producibility, stability, and storage. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and advancements on DNA vaccines against COVID-19, particularly those in clinical trials.

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Section: Nucleic Acid-based Vaccines and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges

2021

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“… 3 , 30 , 64 , 99 , 103 The ability to design new peptide-based vaccines has received a major boost from the availability of epitope-mapping tools such as the immune epitope database (IEDB) for predicting B- and T-cell epitope sequences ( Table 3 ). 106 , 107 In addition, a number of immunoinformatics approaches have emerged to facilitate the prediction-making process for multiepitope vaccine design, 30 , 64 , 65 , 94 , 100 , 102 , 104 , 108 including computational tools that predict epitope binding to diverse HLA alleles ( e.g ., the IEDB population coverage tool). 107 It is also possible to use HLA ligandome analysis for calculating the probability of peptide interactions with consensus motifs, including 3D predictions for viral peptide docking to cytokine-inducing receptors ( e.g ., TLR2 and TLR4).…”

Section: Nano-enabled Protein Subunit/peptide Vaccines and Virus-likementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 109 Collectively, these tools now enable multiepitope vaccine design to test the feasibility of obtaining cooperative B- and T-cell interactions, as well as possibly soliciting specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses (discussed in a later section). 30 , 64 , 65 , 102 , 104 , 108 , 110 …”

Section: Nano-enabled Protein Subunit/peptide Vaccines and Virus-likementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 65 , 94 , 99 , 100 , 102 , 104 , 109 This approach could include the use of tools that enable the design of appropriate linker and codon adjustment strategies for minigene design. 64 , 102 Ultimately, it should be possible to use suitably designed nanocarriers to deliver multiepitope peptide sequences or minigene nucleic acid constructs to the host immune system for antigen presentation. Vaccine efficiency will depend on epitope selection as well as the correct choice of spacers to enable epitope release by the immunoproteosome.…”

Section: Vaccine Development To Boost T-cell Contributions To Neutralmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-Enabled COVID-19 Vaccines: Meeting the Challenges of Durable Antibody Plus Cellular Immunity and Immune Escape

Nel

Miller

2021

ACS Nano

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At the time of preparing this Perspective, large-scale vaccination for COVID-19 is in progress, aiming to bring the pandemic under control through vaccine-induced herd immunity. Not only does this vaccination effort represent an unprecedented scientific and technological breakthrough, moving us from the rapid analysis of viral genomes to design, manufacture, clinical trial testing, and use authorization within the time frame of less than a year, but it also highlights rapid progress in the implementation of nanotechnology to assist vaccine development. These advances enable us to deliver nucleic acid and conformation-stabilized subunit vaccines to regional lymph nodes, with the ability to trigger effective humoral and cellular immunity that prevents viral infection or controls disease severity. In addition to a brief description of the design features of unique cationic lipid and virus-mimicking nanoparticles for accomplishing spike protein delivery and presentation by the cognate immune system, we also discuss the importance of adjuvancy and design features to promote cooperative B- and T-cell interactions in lymph node germinal centers, including the use of epitope-based vaccines. Although current vaccine efforts have demonstrated short-term efficacy and vaccine safety, key issues are now vaccine durability and adaptability against viral variants. We present a forward-looking perspective of how vaccine design can be adapted to improve durability of the immune response and vaccine adaptation to overcome immune escape by viral variants. Finally, we consider the impact of nano-enabled approaches in the development of COVID-19 vaccines for improved vaccine design against other infectious agents, including pathogens that may lead to future pandemics.

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“…Similarly, peptide-based platforms conferring lower immunogenicity is another concern ( Li et al, 2014 ). Therefore, the ribonucleic acid (RNA) platform has witnessed huge interest because of its desired safety profile, higher efficacy, lower production cost, and rapid development time ( Ahammad and Lira, 2020 ). Indeed, RNA-based vaccines are being anticipated as one of the rapid solutions for the pandemic crisis due to their versatile nature, simple manufacturing process, and the pre-requisite of only pathogenic sequence for vaccine development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19

Borah

Deb

Al-Shar’i

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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With the current outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, vaccination is acclaimed as a public health care priority. Rapid genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the scientific community to search for effective vaccines. Collaborative approaches from research institutes and biotech companies have acknowledged the use of viral proteins as potential vaccine candidates against COVID-19. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) vaccines are considered the next generation vaccines as they can be rapidly designed to encode any desirable viral sequence including the highly conserved antigen sequences. RNA vaccines being less prone to host genome integration (cons of DNA vaccines) and anti-vector immunity (a compromising factor of viral vectors) offer great potential as front-runners for universal COVID-19 vaccine. The proof of concept for RNA-based vaccines has already been proven in humans, and the prospects for commercialization are very encouraging as well. With the emergence of COVID-19, mRNA-1273, an mRNA vaccine developed by Moderna, Inc. was the first to enter human trials, with the first volunteer receiving the dose within 10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequencing. The recent interest in mRNA vaccines has been fueled by the state of the art technologies that enhance mRNA stability and improve vaccine delivery. Interestingly, as per the “Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines” published by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 29, 2020, seven potential RNA based COVID-19 vaccines are in different stages of clinical trials; of them, two candidates already received emergency use authorization, and another 22 potential candidates are undergoing pre-clinical investigations. This review will shed light on the rationality of RNA as a platform for vaccine development against COVID-19, highlighting the possible pros and cons, lessons learned from the past, and the future prospects.

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Designing a novel mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: An immunoinformatics approach

Cited by 80 publications

References 241 publications

DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges

DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges

Nano-Enabled COVID-19 Vaccines: Meeting the Challenges of Durable Antibody Plus Cellular Immunity and Immune Escape

Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19

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