Designing advanced biochar products for maximizing greenhouse gas mitigation potential

Mandal, Sanchita; Sarkar, Binoy; Bolan, Nanthi; Novak, J. M.; Ok, Yong Sik; Zwieten, Lukas Van; Singh, Bhupinder; Kirkham, M.B.; Choppala, Girish; Spokas, Kurt A.; Naidu, Ravi

doi:10.1080/10643389.2016.1239975

Cited by 98 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 190 publications

(208 reference statements)

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“…Biochar made from manure has a smaller impact on mitigating soil N 2 O emissions (Figure ). This may be ascribed to the lower surface area, weaker aromatic structure, and fewer functional groups of this biochar, which is less reactive in interacting with N 2 O turnover (Mandal et al., ). In addition, manure biochar usually has a high N concentration (Table S2), which has been demonstrated to mineralize in soil to a certain extent (<18.3%) and thus would participate in N 2 O production (Schouten, Groenigen, Oenema, & Cayuela, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH₃ volatilization, N₂O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

183

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Biochar application to croplands has been proposed as a potential strategy to decrease losses of soil-reactive nitrogen (N) to the air and water. However, the extent and spatial variability of biochar function at the global level are still unclear. Using Random Forest regression modelling of machine learning based on data compiled from the literature, we mapped the impacts of different biochar types (derived from wood, straw, or manure), and their interactions with biochar application rates, soil properties, and environmental factors, on soil N losses (NH 3 volatilization, N 2 O emissions, and N leaching) and crop productivity. The results show that a suitable distribution of biochar across global croplands (i.e., one application of <40 t ha −1 wood biochar for poorly buffered soils, such as those characterized by soil pH<5, organic carbon<1%, or clay>30%; and one application of <80 t ha −1 wood biochar, <40 t ha −1 straw biochar, or <10 t ha −1 manure biochar for other soils) could achieve an increase in global crop yields by 222~766 Tg yr −1 (4%~16% increase), a mitigation of cropland N 2 O emissions by 0.19~0.88 Tg N yr −1 (6%~30% decrease), a decline of cropland N leaching by 3.9~9.2 Tg N yr −1 (12%~29% decrease), but with a fluctuation of cropland NH 3 volatilization by −1.9~4.7 Tg N yr −1 (−12%~31% change). The decreased sum of the three major reactive N losses amount to 1.7~9.4 Tg N yr −1 , which corresponds to 3%~14% of the global cropland total N loss. Biochar generally has a larger potential for decreasing soil N losses but with less benefits to crop production in temperate regions than in tropical regions. K E Y W O R D S biochar, machine learning, N leaching, N 2 O, NH 3 , spatial variability S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Liu Q, Liu B, Zhang Y, et al. Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH 3 volatilization, N 2 O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective. Glob

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH₃ volatilization, N₂O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

183

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“…As biochar is a relatively high C:N ratio organic matter input in soil, while containing some labile organic matter, this may increase demand for soil N by microorganisms and therefore, the mining of soil organic matter for N may enhance N mineralisation and availability in the soil (Mandal et al 2016). High surface area and a possible increase in cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the biochar during its ageing may also enhance availability and retention of organic matter released N in the soils (Olmo et al 2016).…”

Section: Available Nutrients (N P K)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of rice-residue biochar and N-fertilizer on soil functions and crop biomass in contrasting soils

Mavi

Singh

et al. 2018

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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There is limited understanding of the effects of rice residue biochar, particularly when applied in combination with nitrogen (N) fertilizer on soil fertility, soil C sequestration and crop productivity. A one-year pot experiment was established to examine effects of rice residue biochar (0, 10, 20 and 40 t ha -1 ) and N (0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha -1 ) in soils with contrasting texture (loamy sand and sandy clay loam) in a wheat-maize cropping sequence. Biochar was only applied once before sowing wheat. Biochar alone or in combination with N did not significantly increase wheat biomass in both soils, whereas biomass of maize (next crop) was significantly increased from the residual effect of biochar, alone or in combination with N fertilizer. In both soils, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, oxidisable organic carbon (OC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available nutrients (NPK) increased with increasing rates of biochar addition. However, addition of N with biochar (cf. biochar alone) did not change pH and oxidisable OC values but increased EC significantly. After one year, the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks increased beyond the input of biochar-C, that is, by 0.1-2.1 t ha -1 and 1.8-4.8 t ha -1 in loamy sand and sandy clay loam, respectively, across all treatments. It may be concluded that the potential benefits of rice residue biochar to soil functions and crop production may encourage growers to minimise open field burning of straw, which is a common practice in the region.

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“…Moreover, China is the largest producer and consumer of fertilizers. Overuse of chemical fertilizers leads to various environmental problems including surface water eutrophication, N-related greenhouse gas emissions, and groundwater pollution [25][26][27]. Although the application of fertilizer is made to the farmland, the transport of excess N and P takes place by surface water runoff after rainfall and irrigation events.…”

Section: Pollution Status Of Agricultural Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in control technologies for non-point source pollution with nitrogen and phosphorous from agricultural runoff: current practices and future prospects

et al. 2020

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Eutrophication of natural water is a universal problem. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from agricultural runoff are the main sources of nutrient input, provided that emissions from industrial point sources (IPS) are under control. Therefore, it is of great environmental importance to reduce pollution associated with agricultural runoff as a means of regulating eutrophication levels in natural water. Numerous methods proposed for treating agricultural runoff can be classified into three categories: source control, process control, and end treatment. In this review, major technologies for N and P control from agricultural runoff are summarized along with discussion of newly proposed technologies such as biochar biomimetics and microbial catalyst. Because agricultural runoff (from farmlands to receiving waters) is a complicated pollution process, it is difficult to regulate the nutrients discharged via such process. This review will thus offer a comprehensive understanding on the overall process of agricultural runoff and eutrophication to help establish control strategies against highly complicated agricultural non-point sources.

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Designing advanced biochar products for maximizing greenhouse gas mitigation potential

Cited by 98 publications

References 190 publications

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH₃ volatilization, N₂O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH₃ volatilization, N₂O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective

Interactive effects of rice-residue biochar and N-fertilizer on soil functions and crop biomass in contrasting soils

Recent advances in control technologies for non-point source pollution with nitrogen and phosphorous from agricultural runoff: current practices and future prospects

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Designing advanced biochar products for maximizing greenhouse gas mitigation potential

Cited by 98 publications

References 190 publications

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective

Interactive effects of rice-residue biochar and N-fertilizer on soil functions and crop biomass in contrasting soils

Recent advances in control technologies for non-point source pollution with nitrogen and phosphorous from agricultural runoff: current practices and future prospects

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Product

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Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH₃ volatilization, N₂O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH₃ volatilization, N₂O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective