Designing Airport Security Checkpoints of the Future

Snyder, Michael D.; Neiderman, Eric C; Dixon, Melissa W.

doi:10.1177/154193120204600910

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is a tension, perhaps unavoidable, between the desire for security from acts of terrorism and other threats to public safety and the objection to any curtailment of human freedom. This tension has been obvious in efforts to find the right balance between safety and freedom in establishing screening techniques at airport terminals and other points of admission to places that are considered potential targets for terrorists (Cooke & Winner, 2007;Snyder, Neiderman, & Dixon, 2002). In January 2013, the Transportation Security Administration discontinued use of a Rapiscan body scanner at airport security check points, not because it was ineffective but because travelers objected to the near-naked images it produced (Jansen, 2013).…”

Section: Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political and social considerations in human systems integration.

Nickerson¹

2015

APA Handbook of Human Systems Integration.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The term human systems integration (HSI), unadorned, is sufficiently vague to warrant an explanation of how it is used in this chapter. The National Research Council's Committee on Human-System Design Support for Changing Technology noted that the complexity of many modern systemsand systems of systems-makes it imperative that human capabilities and needs be taken into account "early and throughout system design and development" (Pew & Mavor, 2007, p. 1). The committee describes HSI as the collection of activities that effects "the seamless integration of humans into the design process from various perspectives (human factors engineering, manpower, personnel, training, safety and health, and, in the military, habitability and survivability)" (Pew & Mavor, 2007, p. 1). It stresses the importance of considering human capabilities and limitations at all phases of the development process and gives as the ultimate goal of HSI the production of systems that are truly responsive to users' needs.In keeping with this description, HSI is used in this chapter to convey the idea of built (as distinct from natural) systems (usually, though not always, complex) that people use, or with which they interact, in nontrivial ways. Such use or interaction is said to be integrated when it is smooth, effective, and safe and when the demands on the human and machine components are well matched to their respective capabilities and limitations. The purpose of the chapter is to consider the implications of certain political and social factors for HSI and, conversely, the effects (actual or potential) of HSI on

show abstract

Section: Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political and social considerations in human systems integration.

Nickerson¹

2015

APA Handbook of Human Systems Integration.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Major effects of this terrorist action are a greatly increased concern about airport/airline security and concerted attempts to enhance the effectiveness of passenger and baggage screening. Much human factors work has focused on this objective (Koller, Drury, & Schwaninger, 2009; McCarley, 2009; Snyder, Neiderman, & Dixon, 2002). Indeed, Cooke and Winner (2008) suggested that the bulk of the work on homeland security falls within this category, perhaps because screening is so highly visible to the general public.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several factors that might help explain the paucity of articles in these journals explicitly addressed to this subject. Other post-9/11 publications that describe empirical or theoretical HFE work on terrorism include books (Bongar, Brown, Beutler, Breckenridge, & Zimbardo, 2007;Borum, 2004;Horgan, 2005;Pyszczynski, Solomon, & Greenberg, 2002;Victoroff & Kruglanski, 2009), book chapters (Cooke & Winner, 2008;Silke, 2009;Willis, 2003), and conference proceedings (Fiore, Jentsch, Bowers, & Salas, 2003;Snyder, Neiderman, & Dixon, 2002;Wise, 2002). As Cooke and Winner (2008) pointed out, much of what has been done in this area is sensitive or classified and therefore not reported in the open literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of human factors and ergonomics in meeting the challenge of terrorism.

Nickerson

2011

American Psychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human factors and ergonomics research focuses on questions pertaining to the design of devices, systems, and procedures with the goal of making sure that they are well suited to human use and focuses on studies of the interaction of people with simple and complex systems and machines. Problem areas studied include the allocation of function to people and machines, person-system interface design, accident prevention, risk assessment, human performance under various types of stress, crisis management, search and rescue operations, decision aiding, the training and coordination of teams, and negotiation and conflict resolution, among many others. Much human factors and ergonomics work has been directed at responding to accidents (train wrecks, airplane crashes, nuclear plant mishaps) and natural disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes, floods). Although most of this work has not been motivated by the reality of terrorism or, in particular, by the attacks of 9/11, much of it is relevant to one or another aspect of terrorism in its various manifestations, and human factors and ergonomics researchers are increasingly making the connection. The purpose of this article is to illustrate this relevance by noting a few studies, from among the many that could be cited, that have implications for helping to prevent terrorism or for dealing with the effects of terrorist incidents when they occur.

show abstract

“…Airport security checkpoints can benefit from environmental design in regard to streamlining a system. Poorly planned layouts and equipment that violate ergonomic principles can result in long lines, bottlenecks, and dissatisfied passengers and screeners (Snyder, Neiderman, & Dixon, 2002). For example, consideration of space for egress and waiting for others in the screening line can make substantial differences in bottlenecks.…”

Section: Constraints On Human Performance In Homeland Security Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Factors of Homeland Security

Cooke¹,

Winner²

2007

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans play a role in all aspects of homeland security, including the functions of deterrence, detection, and response and in the capacities of both administrators and recipients of security procedures. The field of human factors has contributed to homeland security functions through design of user-centered technology and training programs, through metrics for assessing human performance, through environmental design, and through organizational changes targeting the larger sociotechnical system. In this chapter, we review these and other contributions and propose an agenda for future research and development on human factors of homeland security. We conclude that the field of human factors provides many lowcost, high-impact solutions that reach beyond the bounds of the human-single machine interface. On September 11, 2001, an attack on U.S. soil of previously unimagined magnitude drew increased attention to homeland security. Humans, and thus human factors, pervade nearly every aspect of homeland security. Most obvious and visible to the public are the human factors issues surrounding security screening, which occurs primarily at airports. These issues include human-technology interaction (i.e., with passenger metal detectors and checked baggage x-ray systems) and the selection and training of the operators. Also of interest are the interactions among the technology, the environment in which it is embedded, the screeners, and the traveling public, who may inadvertently exert pressure on the screeners to move quickly through the process. Perhaps less obvious are the human factors issues surrounding other, less visible aspects of homeland security, such as those integral to the analysis of intelligence information and, specifically, the presentation, understanding, and sharing of that information. Questions of how humans process large amounts of information and coordinate as part of a larger information system are of critical importance. There are also human factors issues associated with the response to threatening events. Flight crew procedures for dealing with hijackings are relevant, as is the adaptive behavior of crews under unanticipated circumstances. Communications, interorganizational dissemination of information, group situation assessment, teamwork, interagency coordination, and adaptation are necessary for effective emergency response to such events. Humans indeed have an important role to play in homeland security functions, and a consideration of the human factors of homeland security is needed to maximize human effectiveness in this complex system. In this chapter, we explore the topic of human factors of homeland security by identifying the scope of the problem, reviewing the relevant human factors literature, and proposing an agenda for future work in the area.

show abstract

Designing Airport Security Checkpoints of the Future

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Political and social considerations in human systems integration.

Political and social considerations in human systems integration.

Roles of human factors and ergonomics in meeting the challenge of terrorism.

Human Factors of Homeland Security

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About